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Lee, Sunggyu,Kim, Sunmi,Park, Jeongim,Kim, Hai-Joong,Choi, Gyuyeon,Choi, Sooran,Kim, Sungjoo,Kim, Su Young,Kim, Sungkyoon,Choi, Kyungho,Moon, Hyo-Bang Elsevier 2018 Science of the Total Environment Vol.612 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Breastfeeding is an important exposure pathway to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) for newborn infants. Nevertheless, reports are limited on the occurrence and time-course of PFASs in breast milk, and most studies have focused on the analysis of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). In this study, 16 PFASs were analyzed in breast milk samples (<I>n</I> =293) collected from 128 mothers in Korea during various lactation periods to assess maternal exposure levels, contamination profiles, time-course variations, and infant health risks. The total concentrations of PFASs (ΣPFAS) ranged from 31.7 to 1004 (median: 188) ng/L, which was within the ranges recently reported for Asian and European populations. After a month of nursing, the concentrations of PFOS, PFOA, perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and ΣPFAS significantly increased. This could be due to changes in the dietary and behavior patterns of the mothers after the first month of lactation. The concentrations of PFOS and PFOA were significantly correlated with maternal age, body mass index, and parity. Certain types of diet (e.g. consuming snacks and milk) and eating-out frequency were significantly associated with increasing levels of PFAS. Significant correlations and similar time-course trends were found between PFASs and PCBs/DDTs, implying similar exposure sources and biokinetics for these contaminants. The estimated daily intakes of PFOS and PFOA via the consumption of breast milk were below the tolerable daily intakes for infants suggested by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> PFOS, PFOA, PFUnDA, and PFNA were the predominant compounds in breast milk. </LI> <LI> Concentrations of PFASs were significantly correlated with maternal age, BMI, and parity. </LI> <LI> Increased levels of PFASs were found in breast milk after the first month of nursing. </LI> <LI> Snack consumption and frequency of eating-out were significantly associated with increased PFAS levels. </LI> <LI> The infant exposure levels of PFOS and PFOA via breast milk were lower than the TDI. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Jeong, Seong-Gu,Kim, Sunggyu,Kim, Han Gyung,Kim, Eunji,Jeong, Deok,Kim, Ji Hye,Yang, Woo Seok,Oh, Junsang,Sung, Gi-Ho,Hossain, Mohammad Amjad,Lee, Jongsung,Kim, Jong-Hoon,Cho, Jae Youl Elsevier 2019 Journal of Ethnopharmacology Vol.231 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Ethnopharmacological relevance</B></P> <P> <I>Mycetia cauliflora</I> Reinw. (Rubiaceae) has been used as a traditional remedy to ameliorate clinical signs of inflammatory diseases, including pain, inflammation, ulcers, and wounds. Among the Mycetia subfamilies, the molecular and cellular mechanisms of <I>Mycetia longifolia</I> (Rubiaceae) have been studied. However, those of <I>Mycetia cauliflora</I> are not clearly understood. Comprehensive investigation of this plant is necessary to evaluate its potential for ethnopharmacological use.</P> <P><B>Materials</B></P> <P>and methods: The activities of <I>Mycetia cauliflora</I> methanol extract (Mc-ME) on the secretion of inflammatory mediators, the mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines, and identification of its molecular targets were elucidated using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage-like cells. Moreover, the suppressive actions of Mc-ME were examined in an LPS-induced peritonitis mouse model.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>At nontoxic concentrations, Mc-ME downregulated the release of nitric oxide (NO), the mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and the mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-1β from LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells. This extract also inhibited the nuclear translocation of p65 and p50 and the phosphorylation of IκBα, IKK, and AKT. Western blot analysis and <I>in vitro</I> kinase assays confirmed that phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK1) is the direct immunopharmacological target of Mc-ME effect. In addition, Mc-ME significantly reduced inflammatory signs in an animal model of acute peritonitis. These effects were associated with decreased NO production and decreased AKT phosphorylation.</P> <P><B>Conclusion</B></P> <P>Our results suggest that Mc-ME displays anti-inflammatory actions in LPS-treated macrophage-like cells and in an animal model of acute inflammatory disease. These actions are preferentially managed by targeting PDK1 in the nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Shin, Mi-Yeon,Kim, Sunmi,Lee, Sunggyu,Kim, Hai-Joong,Lee, Jeong Jae,Choi, Gyuyeon,Choi, Sooran,Kim, Sungjoo,Kim, Su Young,Park, Jeongim,Moon, Hyo-Bang,Choi, Kyungho,Kim, Sungkyoon Elsevier 2018 Science of the Total Environment Vol.616 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Many scientists made estimates of the body burden of PBDEs from breastmilk and house dust. Interestingly, they have not included the prenatal contribution to the body burden in young children after birth. In order to address how the prenatal contribution is important in the risk assessment of PBDEs in infants up to five years old, we used the median measurements of BDE-47 as a model chemical in 108 neonates in Korea, and made simulations of its disposition out of body from birth to five years. During the simulation periods, the environmental exposure was considered for house dust, babyfood, breastmilk consumption, etc., with assumption of typical exposure scenario applicable to general infants in Korea. About 22% of the total amounts of BDE-47 in newborn remained up to 5years after birth. The relative amounts of BDE-47 from the prenatal source were 20%, 14%, 10%, 8%, 6%, and 4% of the total body burden for 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- and 5-year after birth, respectively. The contribution from breastfeeding was 95.2% and 92.2% of the total postnatal exposure amounts at 6-month and 1-year after birth, respectively. After cease of breastfeeding at 1-yr, house dust and food were the important sources of exposure up to 5-yr; however, their contributions to the bodyburden were negligible with consideration of the remaining amounts of the analytes from the breastmilk and prenatal exposure. Suggestively, the innate amounts and pharmacokinetics should be counted in estimating bodyburden of BDE-47.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> About 22% of total BDE-47 in newborn remained up to 5years after birth. </LI> <LI> Its relative amounts were 20%, 14%, 10%, 8%, and 6% of the total body burden at 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-yr after birth. </LI> <LI> Breastmilk is the most important source of exposure to BDE-47 compared to other environmental sources after birth. </LI> <LI> Suggestively, the innate amounts and pharmacokinetics should be counted in estimating body burden of BDE-47. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Jeong, Yunsun,Lee, Sunggyu,Kim, Sunmi,Park, Jeongim,Kim, Hai-Joong,Choi, Gyuyeon,Choi, Sooran,Kim, Sungjoo,Kim, Su Young,Kim, Sungkyoon,Choi, Kyungho,Moon, Hyo-Bang Elsevier 2018 Science of the Total Environment Vol.612 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The placenta is a crucial organ for the supply of oxygen and nutritional elements from mother to fetus. Several studies have reported evidence of the placental transfer of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Despite the importance of prenatal exposure to POPs, the transport process of POPs via the human placenta is not well understood. To investigate the transport processes of these contaminants and to assess the feasibility of the placenta as a non-invasive biological matrix, we measured 19 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 18 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), and 24 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in placenta tissues. The total concentrations of PCBs, OCPs, and PBDEs in placental tissues ranged from 0.36 to 75.2 (median: 5.85) ng/g lipid wt, 1.37 to 250 (63.5) ng/g lipid wt, and 1.21 to 427 (11.7) ng/g lipid wt, respectively. The BDE 209 concentrations were higher than those reported in previous studies presumably because of the high consumption of deca-BDE technical mixtures in Korea. The concentrations of all of the POPs in placental tissues correlated significantly with each other, but BDE 209 concentration did not correlate with that of any other contaminants possibly because of different exposure sources and kinetics. Maternal age, body mass index, and parity were contributors to the accumulation of several POPs in the placenta. Partitioning ratios between maternal blood–placenta–cord blood showed that lower molecular-weight and hydrophobic POPs were preferentially transported from maternal blood to the placenta and that higher molecular-weight and hydrophobic contaminants tended to remain in placental tissues. Regression analysis showed significant relationships between the POP concentrations in multiple biological matrices such as maternal blood, placenta, cord blood, and meconium. These relationships suggest that the placenta can be used as a non-invasive matrix for biomonitoring prenatal exposure to several POPs.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> PCBs, OCPs, and PBDEs were measured in 108 placental tissues from the Korean women. </LI> <LI> Maternal age, body mass index, and parity were related to placental POP levels. </LI> <LI> Molecular weight and liposolubility influenced POP transport via the human placenta. </LI> <LI> The placenta may be a non-invasive matrix for biomonitoring of prenatal POP exposure. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Myung Jo Jhung,Changheui Jang,Seok Hun Kim,Young Hwan Choi,Hho Jung Kim,Sunggyu Jung,Jong Min Kim,Gap Heon Sohn,Tae Eun Jin,Taek Sang Choi,Ji Ho Kim,Jong Wook Kim,Keun Bae Park 대한기계학회 2005 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.19 No.2
Performed here o a comparative assessment study for the probabilistic fracture mechanics approach of the pressurized thermal shock of the reactor pressure vessel A round consisting of one prerequisite deterministic study and five cases for probabilistic approaches io proposed, and all organizations interested are invited The problems are solved by the participants and their results are compared to issue some recommendation of best practices and to assure an understanding of the key parameters in this type of approach, like transient description and frequency, material properties, defect type and distribution, fracture mechanics methodology etc, which will be useful in the justification through a probabilistic approach for the case of a plant over-passing the screening criteria Six participants from 3 organizations responded to the problem and their results are compiled and analyzed in this study.
Jhung Myung Jo,Jang Changheui,Kim Seok Hun,Choi Young Hwan,Kim Hho Jung,Jung Sunggyu,Kim Jong Min,Sohn Gap Heon,Jin Tae Eun,Choi Taek Sang,Kim Ji Ho,Kim Jong Wook,Park Keun Bae The Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers 2005 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.19 No.2
Performed here is a comparative assessment study for the probabilistic fracture mechanics approach of the pressurized thermal shock of the reactor pressure vessel. A round robin consisting of one prerequisite deterministic study and five cases for probabilistic approaches is proposed, and all organizations interested are invited. The problems are solved by the participants and their results are compared to issue some recommendation of best practices and to assure an understanding of the key parameters in this type of approach, like transient description and frequency, material properties, defect type and distribution, fracture mechanics methodology etc., which will be useful in the justification through a probabilistic approach for the case of a plant over-passing the screening criteria. Six participants from 3 organizations responded to the problem and their results are compiled and analyzed in this study.
Anti-inflammatory functions of the CDC25 phosphatase inhibitor BN82002 via targeting AKT2
Kim, Han Gyung,Yang, Woo Seok,Hong, Yo Han,Kweon, Dae-Hyuk,Lee, Jongsung,Kim, Sunggyu,Cho, Jae Youl Elsevier 2019 Biochemical pharmacology Vol.164 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study presents BN82002 as an anti-inflammatory drug candidate. It was found that BN82002 inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E<SUB>2</SUB> (PGE<SUB>2</SUB>) in RAW 264.7 cells and peritoneal macrophages that were activated by toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 ligand, lipopolysaccharide (LPS). BN82002 dose-dependently down-regulated mRNA levels of nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrosis factor-α, and cyclooxygenase-2. The nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB (p65 and p50) was also blocked by BN82002 in RAW265.7 cells stimulated by LPS. According to reporter gene assay performed with NF-κB construct, BN82002 clearly reduced increased level of luciferase activity mediated by transcription factor NF-κB in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells and in MyD88- and AKT2-overexpressing HEK293 cells. However, BN82002 did not inhibit NF-κB activity in AKT1- or IKKβ-overexpressing HEK293 cells. NF-κB upstream signaling events specifically targeted AKT2 but had no effect on AKT1. The specific target of BN82002 was Tyr-178 in AKT2. BN82002 bound to Tyr-178 and interrupted the kinase activity of AKT2, according to a cellular thermal shift assay analysis of the interaction of BN82002 with AKT2 and an AKT2 mutant (Tyr-178 mutated to Ala; AKT2 Y178A). These results suggest that BN82002 could reduce inflammatory pathway by controlling NF-κB pathway and specifically targeting AKT2.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Kim, You Jin,Deok, Jeong,Kim, Sunggyu,Yoon, Deok Hyo,Sung, Gi-Ho,Aravinthan, Adithan,Lee, Seungihm,Lee, Mi-nam,Hong, Suntaek,Kim, Jong-Hoon,Son, Young-Jin,Cho, Jae Youl Hindawi 2017 Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medic Vol.2017 No.-
<P><I>Piper attenuatum </I>is used as a traditional medicinal plant in India. One of the substances in<I> P. attenuatum</I> has been suggested to have anti-inflammatory effects. However, there is insufficient research about the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of action of<I> P. attenuatum</I>. The effects of<I> P. attenuatum</I> methanol extract (Pa-ME) on the production of inflammatory mediators nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E<SUB>2</SUB> (PGE<SUB>2</SUB>), the expression of proinflammatory genes, the translocation level of transcription factors, and intracellular signaling activities were investigated using macrophages. Pa-ME suppressed the production of NO and PGE<SUB>2</SUB> in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-), pam3CSK4-, and poly(I:C)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells without displaying cytotoxicity. The mRNA expression levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) were decreased by Pa-ME. P-ME reduced the translocation of p50/NF-<I>κ</I>B and AP-1 (c-Jun and c-Fos), as well as the activity of their upstream enzymes Src, Syk, and TAK1. Immunoprecipitation analysis showed failure of binding between their substrates, phospho- (p-) p85 and p-MKK3/6. p-p85 and p-MKK3/6, which were induced by overexpression of Src, Syk, and TAK1, were also reduced by Pa-ME. Therefore, these results suggest that Pa-ME exerts its anti-inflammatory effects by targeting Src and Syk in the NF-<I>κ</I>B signaling pathway and TAK1 in the AP-1 signaling pathway. </P>