THE ESTIMATING METHOD OF STATISTICAL LANGUAGE MODELS PERPLEXITY AND CHINESE ENTROPY

Zhang Yangsen,Yu Shiwen 한국어정보학회 2005 국제학술대회 Vol.2005 No.08

Adaptive Tracking Design of NCS with Time-varying Signals Using Fuzzy Inverse Model

Shiwen Tong,Dianwei Qian,Na Huang,Guo-ping Liu,Jiancheng Zhang,Guang Cheng 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2021 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.19 No.11

Tracking control of time-varying signal is a very challenging problem for the network environment applications. An adaptive control strategy based on the inverse of fuzzy singleton model is proposed in the paper. The fuzzy singleton model is a designed equivalent system instead of the fuzzy clustering model of the controlled process. Following an invertibility condition, a collection of predicted control actions are derived from the iterated inverse fuzzy singleton model. Thus, the data dropout and time delays in the network are compensated by means of these predicted values. To enhance control performance, the adaptive control strategy is adopted. Since the method is started from the inputs and outputs of the process, it is actually a data-based solution which is very suitable to the processes with blurred mechanism. Compared with other two control algorithms, the proposed control algorithm exhibits good accuracy, high efficiency, and fast tracking features. Simulations in the data dropout and time-delay cases have verified the effectiveness of the method.

The Estimating Method of Statistical Language Models Perplexity and Chinese Entropy

Yangsen Zhang,Shiwen Yu 한국어정보학회 2006 한국어정보학 Vol.8 No.1

A quantified reasoning and description of the perplexity for evaluating language models by using the concept of information entropy is discussed in this article: The smaller the entropy of the language estimated by the language model is, the more precise the language model is; an interpolated model based on two (n‐1)‐gram models is better than the (n‐1)‐gram component models, but not a n‐gram model. We also explore the methods to estimating the entropy of Chinese using language models.

A Multi-objective Two-sided Disassembly Line Balancing Optimization Based on Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm: A Case Study of an Automotive Engine

Lei Zhang,Yuanfeng Wu,Xikun Zhao,Shiwen Pan,Ziqi Li,Hong Bao,Yongtin Tian 한국정밀공학회 2022 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.9 No.5

Disassembly is an important part of green manufacturing and remanufacturing. The disassembly line is an optimum form for mass and automatic disassembly in the industry. To optimize the disassembly system and the use of resources, the disassembly line balancing problem (DLBP) has attracted much attention. Compared with the conventional one-sided straight disassembly line, the two-sided disassembly line can use both the left and right sides of a conveyor belt for disassembly operation, thereby improving production efficiency, especially for large-sized and complicated products. On the other hand, due to the constraints and precedence among parts, it is a challenge to plan the disassembly scheme for a two-sided disassembly line. In this paper, a model is established to solve a two-sided disassembly line balancing problem (TDLBP). First, a hybrid graph is utilized to express constraints and precedence relationships, and a novel encoding and decoding method is developed for the disassembly scheme planning of a two-sided line for handling the challenge caused by constraints and precedence among parts. Then, a multi-objective TDLBP optimization model is proposed including the number of matedworkstations, idle time, smoothness index, the auxiliary indicator, and a meta-heuristic based on an artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm is designed to solve TDLBP. Finally, the proposed model and method are applied to an automotive engine case, and the results are compared with NSGA-II, hybrid artificial bee colony algorithm (HABC), and multi-objective flower pollination algorithm (MOFPA) to verify the practicality of the proposed model in solving the TDLBP.

Effect of phosphorus deficiency on erythrocytic morphology and function in cows

Ziwei Zhang,Mingyu Bi,Jie Yang,Haidong Yao,Zhonghua Liu,Shiwen Xu 대한수의학회 2017 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.18 No.3

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of phosphorus (P) deficiency on the morphological and functional characteristics of erythrocytes in cows. Forty Holstein-Friesian dairy cows in mid-lactation were randomly divided into two groups of 20 each and were fed either a low-P diet (0.03% P/kg dry matter [DM]) or a control diet (0.36% P/kg DM). Red blood cell (RBC) indices results showed RBC and mean corpuscular hemoglobin decreased while mean corpuscular volume increased significantly (p < 0.05) in P-deficient cows. Erythrocyte morphology showed erythrocyte destruction in P-deficient cows. Erythrocytes’ functional characteristics results showed total bilirubin and indirect bilirubin concentrations and aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase activity levels in the serum of P-deficient cows were significantly higher than those in control diet-fed cows. Activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in erythrocytes were lower, while the malondialdehyde content was greater, in P-deficient cows than in control diet-fed cows. Na+/K+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase activities were lower in P-deficient cows than in control diet-fed cows; however, Ca2+-ATPase activity was not significantly different. The phospholipid composition of the erythrocyte membrane changed and membrane fluidity rigidified in P-deficient cows. The results indicate that P deficiency might impair erythrocyte integrity and functional characteristics in cows.

On Efficient Processing of Continuous Reverse Skyline Queries in Wireless Sensor Networks

( Bo Yin ),( Siwang Zhou ),( Shiwen Zhang ),( Ke Gu ),( Fei Yu ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2017 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.11 No.4

The reverse skyline query plays an important role in information searching applications. This paper deals with continuous reverse skyline queries in sensor networks, which retrieves reverse skylines as well as the set of nodes that reported them for continuous sampling epochs. Designing an energy-efficient approach to answer continuous reverse skyline queries is non-trivial because the reverse skyline query is not decomposable and a huge number of unqualified nodes need to report their sensor readings. In this paper, we develop a new algorithm that avoids transmission of updates from nodes that cannot influence the reverse skyline. We propose a data mapping scheme to estimate sensor readings and determine their dominance relationships without having to know the true values. We also theoretically analyze the properties for reverse skyline computation, and propose efficient pruning techniques while guaranteeing the correctness of the answer. An extensive experimental evaluation demonstrates the efficiency of our approach.

In situ observation of mesophase transformation behaviour and mechanistic analysis in β-resin

Liu Ben,Yan Xi,Tao Zechao,Li Xiangfen,Lei Shiwen,Zhang Dongqing,Yang Zonghe,Liu Zhanjun 한국탄소학회 2024 Carbon Letters Vol.34 No.1

β-Resin was extracted by solvent separation of refined coal tar pitch. Several analytical methods revealed that β-resin had a better aromatic plane packing structure and a higher number of carbon residues, making it ideal for mesophase transformation. The mesophase transformation process of β-resin (the formation of liquid-crystalline spheres, the growth of mesophase spheres, and the coalescence and disintegration of mesophase spheres) was observed in situ using a polarizing microscope with a hot stage. Moreover, the mesophase transformation mechanism of β-resin was investigated at each transformation stage. The mesophase content and mesophase transformation kinetics were analyzed based on the area method and quinoline insoluble (QI) substitution method. Both methods revealed changes in the mesophase content of β-resin. However, the test results of the two methods were slightly different at the initial stage of mesophase transformation and tended to be consistent during the later stage.