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Vertical Price Transmission in U.S. Dairy Products
( Hye Young Kim ),( Ronald W. Ward ) 한국축산경영학회,농업정책학회(구 한국축산경영학회) 2013 농업경영정책연구 Vol.40 No.2
This study investigated U.S. dairy price linkages by focusing on vertical market differences with price regulation and market location for farm-to-wholesale and farm-to-retail with product differentiations for milk, butter, cheese, and ice cream. Price linkage models were estimated with least squared or instrument variables, depending on causal relations. In long-run responses, wholesale prices are 1.2 times as strongly linked to farm prices and adjust 2.5 time quicker than the prices of retailers. Asymmetric response in fluid mild prices indicate that wholesale prices more strongly reflect rising farm prices while retail prices more strongly reflect falling farm prices. Elasticity of farm share of retail price is more elastic than that of farm share of wholesale price.
( Hyeyoung Kim ),( Ronald W. Ward ),( Jonq Ying Lee ) 한국농업경제학회 2011 KOREAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS(KJAT) Vol.52 No.3
This study investigates the effect of advertising on the demand of various types of orange juice (OJ): frozen concentrated OJ (FCOJ), refrigerated not from concentrate (NFC), and refrigerated from concentrate (RECON) across the four U.S. regions: Northeast, North Central, South, and West. The Rotterdam model with an advertising specification is used to estimate the different consumption patterns of OJs. Results show that both feature and display ads have a positive impact on OJ demand but with differing results depending on OJ type and region. Display ads have a large impact on increasing OJ demand in the Northeast, South, and West regions, while feature ads have a strong impact on increasing NFC and RECON demand in the North Central region.
Hyeyoung Kim,Ronald W. Ward,Jonq-Ying Lee 한국농업경제학회 2011 農業經濟硏究 Vol.52 No.3
This study investigates the effect of advertising on the demand of various types of orange juice (OJ): frozen concentrated OJ (FCOJ), refrigerated not from concentrate (NFC), and refrigerated from concentrate (RECON) across the four U.S. regions: Northeast, North Central, South, and West. The Rotterdam model with an advertising specification is used to estimate the different consumption patterns of OJs. Results show that both feature and display ads have a positive impact on OJ demand but with differing results depending on OJ type and region. Display ads have a large impact on increasing OJ demand in the Northeast, South, and West regions, while feature ads have a strong impact on increasing NFC and RECON demand in the North Central region.
김혜영,Ronald W. Ward,Jonq-Ying Lee 한국농업경제학회 2011 農業經濟硏究 Vol.52 No.4
This study investigates the effect of advertising on the demand of various types of orange juice(OJ) : frozen concentrated OJ (FCOJ), refrigerated not from concentrate (NFC), and refrigerated from concentrate (RECON) across the four U.S. regions : Northeast, North Central, South, and West. The Rotterdam model with an advertising specification is used to estimate the different consumption patterns of OJs. Results show that both feature and display ads have a positive impact on OJ demand but with differing results depending on OJ type and region. Display ads have a large impact on increasing OJ demand in the Northeast, South, and West regions, while feature ads have a strong impact on increasing NFC and RECON demand in the North Central region.