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From Arithmetic to Algebra: Smoothing the Transition
( Rivera Torres ),( Adrian Andres ) 한국수학교육학회 2014 수학교육 학술지 Vol.2014 No.1
Education in Arithmetic and Geometry is strong because those topics are considered “second nature”, so they are easily associated to real-life problems and the intuition behind their properties is easier to teach. Education in Algebra suffers because it lacks that, so the idea of this presentation is to turn it into “second nature” as well. By combining arithmetic and geometry with topics such as proportionality and the basics of modeling, it will not only improve problem-solving skills among students, but will lead to a better education in Algebra and the many topics that depend on it.
Oscar Antonio Ortega-Rivera,Pamela Gallegos-Alcalá,Mariela Jiménez,J. Luis Quintanar,Flor Torres-Juarez,Bruno Rivas-Santiago,Susana del Toro-Arreola,Eva Salinas 한국유방암학회 2023 Journal of breast cancer Vol.26 No.2
Purpose: Conventional therapies and surgery remain the standard treatment for breast cancer. However, combating the eventual development of metastasis is still a challenge. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is one of the various species of viruses under clinical evaluation as a vector for oncolytic, gene-, and immune-stimulating therapies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antitumor activity of a recombinant NDV (rNDV-P05) in a breast cancer murine model. Methods: Tumors were induced by injecting the cellular suspension (4T1 cell line) subcutaneously. The virus strain P05 was applied three times at intervals of seven days, starting seven days after tumor induction, and was completed 21 days later. Determination of tumor weight, spleen index, and lung metastasis were done after sacrificing the mice. Serum levels of interferon (IFN)-α, IFN-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. CD8+ infiltrated cells were analyzed by immunofluorescence. Results: rNDV-P05 showed a route-of-administration-dependent effect, demonstrating that the systemic administration of the virus significantly reduces the tumor mass and volume, spleen index, and abundance of metastatic clonogenic colonies in lung tissue, and increases the inhibition rate of the tumor. The intratumoral administration of rNDV-P05 was ineffective for all the parameters evaluated. Antitumor and antimetastatic capability of rNDV-P05 is mediated, at least partially, through its immune-stimulatory effect on the upregulation of TNF-α, TRAIL, IFN-α, and IFN-γ, and its ability to recruit CD8+ T cells into tumor tissue. Conclusion: Systemic treatment with rNDV-P05 decreases the tumoral parameters in the breast cancer murine model.
Miguel A. Vallejo,Modesto A. Sosa,Esteban Rivera,Juan C. Azorin,Jesus Bernal,Ricardo Navarro,Emma K. Encarnacion,Luis A. Diaz-Torres 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2016 NANO Vol.11 No.4
In this paper, the co-precipitation method was used to synthesize pure and Ag-doped LiF crystals and the effect of crystalline cube sizes and Ag concentration on the thermoluminescent (TL) response is reported. The synthesized materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and their morphology and size distributions were determined. Crystal sizes were found to be strongly dependent on the ethanol:water ratio, varying from 4.1 µm to 150 nm for pure LiF crystals. For Ag-doped samples, the best ethanol : water ratio was found to be 9:1, giving crystals from 0.50 µm to 1.21 µm. A single cubic crystalline phase was determined by XRD for all synthesized samples. The photoluminescence spectra as well as UV-Vis absorbance were also analyzed. The TL response to X-ray irradiation was studied for an exposition of 43 R. Two effects were observed in the TL response. The first concerns with a significant dependence of the TL intensity on the size of the crystals, being larger for the smallest crystals for pure LiF, and second, for Ag-doped samples the TL intensity augmented almost linearly with the Ag concentration.