Immediate Effect of Needling at CV-12 (Zhongwan) Acupuncture Point on Blood Glucose Level in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Pilot Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial

Ranjan Kumar,A. Mooventhan,Nandi Krishnamurthy Manjunath 사단법인약침학회 2017 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.10 No.4

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a major global health problem. Needling at CV-12 has reduced blood glucose level in diabetic rats. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of needling at CV-12 (Zhongwan) on blood glucose level in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Materials and Methods: Forty T2DM patients were recruited and randomized into either the acupuncture group or placebo control group. The participants in the acupuncture group were needled at CV-12 (4 cun above the center of the umbilicus), and those in the placebo control group were needled at a placebo point on the right side of the abdomen (1 cun beside the CV- 12). For both groups, the needle was retained for 30 minutes. Assessments were performed prior to and after the intervention. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 16. Results: There was a significant reduction in random blood glucose level in the acupuncture group compared to baseline. No such significant change was observed in the placebo control group. Conclusion: The result of this study suggests that 30 minutes of needling at CV-12 might be useful in reducing blood glucose level in patients with T2DM.

Load Balancing Scheduling with Shortest Load First

Ranjan Kumar Mondal,Enakshmi Nandi,Debabrata Sarddar 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Grid and Distributed Comp Vol.8 No.4

Cloud computing is an internet based technology. This computing paradigm has increased the utility of network where the potentiality of one node can be used by Other node, cloud provides services on demand to distributive resources such as Database, servers, software, infrastructure etc. in pay per use basis, load balancing is One of the unique and important issues for distributing a larger processing lode to smaller processing nodes for increasing total performance of system, in load balancing method the workload not only distribute across multiple computers but also other resources over the network links to gain optimum resource utilization, minimum average response time and avoid overload condition. Different load balancing algorithms have been launched in order to manage the resources of service provider efficiently and effectively. The objective of this paper is to propose efficient scheduling algorithm that can maintain the load balancing and provide improved strategies through efficient job scheduling that would decrease the average response time and increase the availability of more VMs to allocate new jobs from requesting nodes.

Overexpression of a delayed early gene hlg1 of temperate mycobacteriophage L1 is Lethal to both M. smegmatis and E. coli

( Partho Chattoraj ),( Tridib Ganguly ),( Ranjan Kumar Nandy ),( Subrata Sau ) 생화학분자생물학회 2008 BMB Reports Vol.41 No.5

Flexibility of Oral Cholera Vaccine Dosing—A Randomized Controlled Trial Measuring Immune Responses Following Alternative Vaccination Schedules in a Cholera Hyper-Endemic Zone

Kanungo, Suman,Desai, Sachin N.,Nandy, Ranjan Kumar,Bhattacharya, Mihir Kumar,Kim, Deok Ryun,Sinha, Anuradha,Mahapatra, Tanmay,Yang, Jae Seung,Lopez, Anna Lena,Manna, Byomkesh,Bannerjee, Barnali,Ali, Public Library of Science 2015 PLoS neglected tropical diseases Vol.9 No.3

<▼1><P><B>Background</B></P><P>A bivalent killed whole cell oral cholera vaccine has been found to be safe and efficacious for five years in the cholera endemic setting of Kolkata, India, when given in a two dose schedule, two weeks apart. A randomized controlled trial revealed that the immune response was not significantly increased following the second dose compared to that after the first dose. We aimed to evaluate the impact of an extended four week dosing schedule on vibriocidal response.</P><P><B>Methodology/Principal Findings</B></P><P>In this double blind randomized controlled non-inferiority trial, 356 Indian, non-pregnant residents aged 1 year or older were randomized to receive two doses of oral cholera vaccine at 14 and 28 day intervals. We compared vibriocidal immune responses between these schedules. Among adults, no significant differences were noted when comparing the rates of seroconversion for <I>V</I>. <I>cholerae O1 Inaba</I> following two dose regimens administered at a 14 day interval (55%) vs the 28 day interval (58%). Similarly, no differences in seroconversion were demonstrated in children comparing the 14 (80%) and 28 day intervals (77%). Following 14 and 28 day dosing intervals, vibriocidal response rates against <I>V</I>. <I>cholerae</I> O1 Ogawa were 45% and 49% in adults and 73% and 72% in children respectively. Responses were lower for <I>V</I>. <I>cholerae</I> O139, but similar between dosing schedules for adults (20%, 20%) and children (28%, 20%).</P><P><B>Conclusions/Significance</B></P><P>Comparable immune responses and safety profiles between the two dosing schedules support the option for increased flexibility of current OCV dosing. Further operational research using a longer dosing regimen will provide answers to improve implementation and delivery of cholera vaccination in endemic and epidemic outbreak scenarios.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Author Summary</B></P><P>The five year efficacy results of the bivalent, killed whole cell oral cholera vaccine was shown to offer 65% protection in cholera endemic Kolkata. Currently, two oral cholera vaccines (OCV) are prequalified by the World Health Organization: the whole cell recombinant cholera toxin B subunit vaccine (Dukoral), and the bivalent killed whole cell only OCV (Shanchol). Shanchol, which is less expensive and possibly associated with longer protection, is recommended in a two dose schedule to be given at two weeks apart. Large scale cholera outbreaks often affect vulnerable populations with limited access to care. Strict dosing schedules can create further logistical barriers, hindering proper vaccine delivery to affected residents returning for their second OCV dose. In this study, 356 participants aged 1 year or older were randomized to receive two doses of OCV at 14 or 28 day intervals, for which vibriocidal immune responses were compared. Similar immune responses were demonstrated between a two and four week OCV dosing schedule, which can increase flexibility when offered as part of a targeted vaccination program. This can further serve to increase adherence and completion of the recommended dosing regimen, as well as providing a platform to increase coverage of other beneficial non-vaccine interventions.</P></▼2>

An Open Label Non-inferiority Trial Assessing Vibriocidal Response of a Killed Bivalent Oral Cholera Vaccine Regimen following a Five Year Interval in Kolkata, India

Kanungo, Suman,Desai, Sachin N.,Saha, Jayanta,Nandy, Ranjan Kumar,Sinha, Anuradha,Kim, Deok Ryun,Bannerjee, Barnali,Manna, Byomkesh,Yang, Jae Seung,Ali, Mohammad,Sur, Dipika,Wierzba, Thomas F. Public Library of Science 2015 PLoS neglected tropical diseases Vol.9 No.5

<▼1><P><B>Background</B></P><P>The bivalent killed oral cholera vaccine (OCV) provides 65% cumulative protection over five years. It remains unknown whether a boosting regimen can maintain protection in previously immunized populations. This study examines the immunogenicity and safety of an OCV regimen given five years following initial dosing.</P><P><B>Methodology/Principal Findings</B></P><P>An open label controlled trial was conducted in 426 healthy Indian participants previously enrolled in a large efficacy trial. To assess whether an OCV regimen given after five years can elicit an antibody response equal to that of a primary series, we compared vibriocidal antibody titers in previously immunized participants receiving a two dose booster regimen to participants receiving a primary two dose immunization series. Among participants receiving a two dose primary series of OCV (n = 186), 69% (95% CI 62%-76%) seroconverted. In the intervention arm (n = 184), 66% (95% CI 59%-73%) seroconverted following a two dose boosting schedule given five years following the initial series. Following a single boosting dose, 71% (95% CI 64%-77%) seroconverted. Children demonstrated 79% (95% CI 69%-86%) and 82% (95% CI 73%-88%) seroconversion after primary and boosting regimens, respectively.</P><P><B>Conclusions/Significance</B></P><P>Administration of an OCV boosting regimen elicits an immune response similar to those receiving a primary series in endemic areas. Though a single boosting dose induces a strong immune response, further investigations are needed to measure if these findings translate to clinical protection.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Author Summary</B></P><P>The five year efficacy results of the bivalent, killed whole cell oral cholera vaccine (WC OCV) was shown to offer 65% protection in cholera endemic Kolkata. Further search strategies focused on natural boosting of immunity, since this trial assessed protection in a population that has endemic cholera at high rates every year. The efficacy demonstrated in this project reflected both vaccine and naturally induced immunity. Though efficacy is maintained for five years, no formal recommendations on a boosting regimen exist. This study suggests that a boosting regimen of killed OCV can elicit vibriocidal titers similar to those levels produced by a primary series in adults and children residing in endemic areas. A boosting recommendation could help to ease logistical challenges faced in maintaining protection in cholera endemic areas. These immunogenicity findings provide initial evidence to support the use of an OCV boosting regimen five years following the primary series, with consideration of a shorter interval for children under the age of 5 years due to a lower observed efficacy in field trials.</P></▼2>

Influence of maternal and socioeconomic factors on breast milk fatty acid composition in urban, low‐income families

Nayak, Uma,Kanungo, Suman,Zhang, Dadong,Ross Colgate, E.,Carmolli, Marya P.,Dey, Ayan,Alam, Masud,Manna, Byomkesh,Nandy, Ranjan Kumar,Kim, Deok Ryun,Paul, Dilip Kumar,Choudhury, Saugato,Sahoo, Sushama John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2017 Maternal & child nutrition Vol.13 No.4

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>The lipid composition of breast milk may have a significant impact on early infant growth and cognitive development. Comprehensive breast milk data is lacking from low‐income populations in the Indian subcontinent impeding assessment of deficiencies and limiting development of maternal nutritional interventions. A single breast milk specimen was collected within 6 weeks postpartum from two low‐income maternal cohorts of exclusively breastfed infants, from Dhaka, Bangladesh (<I>n</I> = 683) and Kolkata, India (<I>n</I> = 372) and assayed for percentage composition of 26 fatty acids. Mature milk (>15 days) in Dhaka (<I>n</I> = 99) compared to Kolkata (<I>n</I> = 372) was higher in total saturated fatty acid (SFA; mean 48% vs. 44%) and disproportionately lower in ω3‐polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), hence the ω6‐ and ω3‐PUFA ratio in Dhaka were almost double the value in Kolkata. In both sites, after adjusting for days of lactation, increased maternal education was associated with decreased SFA and PUFA, and increasing birth order or total pregnancies was associated with decreasing ω6‐PUFA or ω3‐PUFA by a factor of 0.95 for each birth and pregnancy. In Dhaka, household prosperity was associated with decreased SFA and PUFA and increased ω6‐ and ω3‐PUFA. Maternal height was associated with increased SFA and PUFA in Kolkata (1% increase per 1 cm), but body mass index showed no independent association with either ratio in either cohort. In summary, the socioeconomic factors of maternal education and household prosperity were associated with breast milk composition, although prosperity may only be important in higher cost of living communities. Associated maternal biological factors were height and infant birth order, but not adiposity. Further study is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of these effects.</P>

<i>Shigella</i> Outer Membrane Protein PSSP-1 Is Broadly Protective against <i>Shigella</i> Infection

Kim, Jae-Ouk,Rho, Semi,Kim, Su Hee,Kim, Heejoo,Song, Hyo Jin,Kim, Eun Jin,Kim, Ryang Yeo,Kim, Eun Hye,Sinha, Anuradha,Dey, Ayan,Yang, Jae Seung,Song, Man Ki,Nandy, Ranjan Kumar,Czerkinsky, Cecil,Kim, American Society for Microbiology 2015 CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY Vol.22 No.4

<P>In developing countries, <I>Shigella</I> is a primary cause of diarrhea in infants and young children. Although antibiotic therapy is an effective treatment for shigellosis, therapeutic options are narrowing due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Thus, preventive vaccination could become the most efficacious approach for controlling shigellosis. We have identified several conserved protein antigens that are shared by multiple <I>Shigella</I> serotypes and species. Among these, one antigen induced cross-protection against experimental shigellosis, and we have named it pan-<I>Shigella</I> surface protein 1 (PSSP-1). PSSP-1-induced protection requires a mucosal administration route and coadministration of an adjuvant. When PSSP-1 was administered intranasally, it induced cross-protection against <I>Shigella flexneri</I> serotypes 2a, 5a, and 6, <I>Shigella boydii</I>, <I>Shigella sonnei</I>, and <I>Shigella dysenteriae</I> serotype 1. Intradermally administered PSSP-1 induced strong serum antibody responses but failed to induce protection in the mouse lung pneumonia model. In contrast, intranasal administration elicited efficient local and systemic antibody responses and production of interleukin 17A and gamma interferon. Interestingly, blood samples from patients with recent-onset shigellosis showed variable but significant mucosal antibody responses to other conserved <I>Shigella</I> protein antigens but not to PSSP-1. We suggest that PSSP-1 is a promising antigen for a broadly protective vaccine against <I>Shigella</I>.</P>