http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
( Paul Y. Kwo ),( Rakesh Vinayek ) 대한간학회 2011 Gut and Liver Vol.5 No.4
The current standard of care for hepatitis C infection is peginterferon/ ribavirin (PegIFN/RBV). We are entering the era where direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) will be added to PegIFN/RBV, leading to higher sustained response rates in genotype 1 infected individuals. Currently DAAs are directed toward specific proteins involved in hepatitis C replication with NS3/NS4A protease inhibitors furthest in development. Telaprevir and boceprevir are both NS3/NS4a inhibitors that significantly improve sustained response when added to PegIFN and RBV. The hepatitis C virus (HCV) polymerase inhibitors are another promising DAA class. These molecules are divided into nucleoside/nucleotide polymerase inhibitors and nonnucleotide/nucleoside polymerase inhibitors. Nucleoside/ nucleotide polymerase inhibitors have a high barrier to resistance and appear to be effective across a broad range of genotypes. Nonnucleoside polymerase inhibitors have a lower barrier of resistance and appear to be genotype specifi c. Preliminary data with these compounds are also promising. A third class, NS5A inhibitors, has also shown potent HCV RNA suppression in preliminary studies as monotherapy and with PegIFN and RBV. Combinations of these agents are also entering clinical trials and indeed a preliminary report has demonstrated that the combination of an NS3/4A protease inhibitor and NS5B polymerase inhibitor can effectively suppress virus in genotype 1 individuals. Future studies will concentrate on combinations of direct-acting antiviral agents without and with PegIFN and RBV. Clinicians will need to be familiar with managing side effects as well as resistance as we enter this new era. (Gut Liver 2011;5:406-417)
( Paul Kwo ),( Stefan Zeuzem ),( Steven L. Flamm ),( Myron Tong ),( John M Vierling ),( Stephen Pianko ),( Peter Buggisch ),( Victor de Lédinghen ),( Robert H. Hyland ),( Xiaoru Wu ),( Evguenia S. Sva 대한간학회 2017 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2017 No.1
Aims: DAAs provide safe and highly efficacious therapies for HCV infection. However, the small proportion of patients who do not achieve a sustained virologic response with DAA-based regimens represent a population with an unmet medical need. Sofosbuvir(SOF) and velpatasvir(VEL) are pangenotypic inhibitors of the HCV NS5B and NS5A proteins, respectively, and voxilaprevir(VOX) is a pangenotypic HCV NS3/4A protease inhibitor. This study evaluates treatment with a SOF/VEL/VOX for 12weeks and a SOF/VEL for 12weeks as salvage regimens in DAA-experienced patients who had not previously received an NS5A inhibitor. Methods: Patients with genotypes 1-3 were randomized 1:1 to receive open-label SOF/VEL/VOX or SOF/VEL for 12weeks, stratified according to genotype and cirrhosis status. Patients of all other genotypes were assigned to receive SOF/VEL/VOX for 12weeks. DAA-experienced patients who previously were treated with an NS5A inhibitor or with only an NS3/4A protease inhibitor in combination with ribavirin and Peg-IFN were excluded. The primary endpoint evaluates the superiority of the SVR12 of each treatment to a prespecified goal of 85%. Results: Of the 333 patients who were randomized and treated, 77% were male, 19% had the IL28B CC genotype, 46% had compensated cirrhosis and 43% had genotype 1 infection. Most patients had prior DAA experience with either an NS5B inhibitor alone(73%) or an N5SB inhibitor and an NS3/4A protease inhibitor(25%); the most common prior treatment regimens were SOF with ribavirin ±Peg-IFN and SOF combined with simeprevir. Treatment was well tolerated.No SAE was assessed to be attributable to study drug. Overall, SVR12 was achieved in 97%(177/182) of patients treated with SOF/VEL/VOX and 90%(136/151) patients treated with SOF/VEL. SOF/VEL/VOX met the prespecified 85% SVR12 performance goal(p<0.001); SOF/VEL did not. Conclusions: SOF/VEL/VOX for 12 weeks provides a safe, well tolerated and effective retreatment options for patients who did not previously achieve SVR following treatment with non-NS5A inhibitor-containing DAA regimens.
Current and future strategies for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C
( Omar Alshuwaykh ),( Paul Y. Kwo ) 대한간학회 2021 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.27 No.2
Chronic hepatitis C infection is a major cause of liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide. While hepatitis C has been treated for decades with some success, the introduction of direct acting antiviral agents has revolutionized the treatment of hepatitis C with finite, highly effective, well-tolerated therapy and there are few populations that cannot be successfully treated now or are complicated to manage. The World Health Organization has released elimination targets in an effort to eliminate viral hepatitis and reduce dramatically the morbidity and mortality caused by both viral hepatitis. While hepatitis C is straightforward to treat, it remains problematic to eliminate on a global scale. Diagnosis of hepatitis C remains the major gap in the cascade of care and numerous screening strategies will be required to reduce this gap. While historically, treatment of hepatitis C has been centralized, decentralized approaches will be required to diagnose, evaluate, and link to care the large population of individuals worldwide with hepatitis C across low-, middle-, and high-income countries. With the introduction of multiple pangenotypic treatment options and reduced cost for these therapies, assessment and treatment for those with hepatitis C has been simplified and made more accessible worldwide. There are multiple populations for whom care models are being developed and refined, including those when inject drugs, those who are incarcerated, those who present with sexually transmitted disease including the men who have sex with men population, amongst many others. While a vaccine for hepatitis C remains elusive these efforts continue. Multiple successful elimination efforts have been reported. (Clin Mol Hepatol 2021;27:246-256)
( Beat Müllhaupt ),( Paul Kwo ),( Kosh Agarwal ),( Christophe Duvoux ),( Francois Durand ),( Marcus Peck-Radosavljevic ),( Eric M. Yoshida ),( Leslie Lilly ),( Bernard Willems ),( Hugo Vargas ),( Prin 대한간학회 2016 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2016 No.1
Aims: The aim of this analysis is to evaluate outcomes in patients who underwent liver transplant after initiating treatment with ledipasvir (LDV)/sofosbuvir (SOF)+ribavirin (RBV) in the SOLAR-1 and SOLAR-2 trials. Methods: We combined data from the SOLAR-1 and SOLAR-2 studies, in which 7 groups of patients with HCV genotype (GT) 1 or 4 were randomized to receive 12 or 24 weeks of LDV/SOF+ RBV: patients without a transplant with 1) Child-Pugh-Turcotte (CPT) B or 2) CPT C cirrhosis; or transplanted patients with 3) no cirrhosis (F0 to F3), 4) CPT A, 5) CPT B or, 6) CPT C cirrhosis, or 7) fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis. Results: Seventeen patients underwent liver transplantation during the study. For all but one patient, this was the first liver transplant. Six were CPT B at screening (5 Group 1, 1 Group 5) and 11 were CPT C (Group 2). Median baseline MELD score was 17 (range 7-23), with the majority (11/17) having scores ≥15. Seven patients underwent transplant prior to completing their full course of treatment. All patients were HCV RNA <LLOQ at the time of liver transplant. All but one patient (94%, 16/17) maintained virologic response 12 weeks after transplant (pTVR12). All patients who achieved pTVR12 received at least 11 weeks of LDV/SOF+RBV. The one patient who did not achieve pTVR12 discontinued study drug on day 21 and underwent liver transplant the following day. Conclusions: Few patients with decompensated cirrhosis treated in the SOLAR studies underwent liver transplantation after initiating LDV/SOF+RBV therapy. For the 17 who did undergo transplant, 94% achieved pTVR12. The data suggest that 11 weeks of treatment prior to transplantation can prevent reinfection of the graft. Future studies are needed to assess the optimal timing and length of treatment in the peri-transplant setting.