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Javier E. Jiménez-Salazar,Rene M. Rivera-Escobar,Rebeca Damián-Ferrara,Juan Maldonado-Cubas,Catalina Rincón-Pérez,Rosario Tarragó-Castellanos,Pablo Damián-Matsumura 한국유방암학회 2023 Journal of breast cancer Vol.26 No.5
Purpose: The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the main event that favors cell migration and metastasis in breast cancer. Previously, we demonstrated that 1 nM estradiol (E2) promotes EMT, induced by c-Src kinase, causing changes in the localization of proteins that compose the tight junction (TJ) and adherens junction (AJ). Methods: The present work highlights the central role of c-Src in the initiation of metastasis, induced by E2, through increasing the ability of MCF-7 and T47-D cells, which express estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), to migrate and invade before they become metastatic. Results: Treatment with E2 can activate two signaling pathways, the first one by the phosphorylated c-Src (p-Src) which forms the p-Src/E-cadherin complex. This phenomenon was completely prevented by incubation with a selective inhibitor of c-Src (5 μM PP2). p-Src then promotes the downregulation of E-cadherin and occludin, which are epithelial phenotype marker proteins of the AJ and TJ, respectively. In the second pathway, E2 binds to ERα, creating a complex that translocates to the nucleus, inducing the synthesis of SNAIL1 and N-cadherin proteins, markers of the mesenchymal phenotype. Both processes increased the migratory and invasive capacities of both cell lines. Conclusion: The present study demonstrate that E2 enhance EMT and migration, through c-Src activation, in human breast cancer cells that express ERα and become potential therapeutic targets.
Numerical Prediction of Cavitating Flow inside Nozzle Hole Based on Cavitation Bubble Dynamics
( Matsumoto M. ),( Kobashi Y. ),( Matsumura E. ),( Senda J. ),( Fujimoto H. ) 한국액체미립화학회 2010 한국액체미립화학회 학술강연회 논문집 Vol.2010 No.-
In direct injection engines, fuel spray atomization is very important factor for the formation of fuel/air mixture, which influences on the engine performance and exhaust emissions of engine out. Especially, cavitation bubbles breaking out inside the nozzle hole have the significant role for spray atomization process. The purpose of this research is to make the effect of the cavitation on the fuel spray atomization clearly. The numerical model based on the bubble dynamics was proposed in this report, where the behavior of cavitation bubbles is treated as a function of pressure inside the nozzle hole. The prediction of bubble behavior under various conditions in the case of a single bubble was carried out by use of pressure distributions estimated through the experimental results. Primary, the processes of bubble growth and its shrinkage were calculated for each test fuel at given injection pressure. Secondary, the behavior of cavitation bubble was simulated for various initial bubble radiuses. As results of these calculations, although the position of bubble collapsing inside the nozzle hole does not coincide with experimental results, this proposed model predicts quantitatively the temporal change in bubble radius for each case.