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        Normative FJS-12 scores for the knee in an Asian population: a cross-sectional study

        ( Jia Ying Lee ),( Wai Weng Yeo ),( Zi Yang Chia ),( Paul Chang ) 대한슬관절학회 2021 대한슬관절학회지 Vol.33 No.-

        Background: The Forgotten Joint Score is a patient-reported outcome measure validated in assessing patients post knee arthroplasty, anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction surgery and patellar dislocation. A previous study had established the normative scores of a population in the USA but included knees with pathology. The aim of our study is to obtain normative Forgotten Joint Scores in young Asian adults without any pre-existing knee pathologies to increase the interpretability of the Forgotten Joint Score-12 (FJS-12) score. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study across young healthy Asian adults via electronic platforms. Participants who had sought either Western medical consultation, physiotherapy or traditional medical therapies were excluded. Demographic data, occupation, type of sport played, and FJS-12 scores were collected. Scores were stratified into subgroups and analysed. Results: There were 172 participants who met our inclusion criteria for this study. The average age of participants in our study was 28.1 ± 10.5 years (range 14-70 years), with 83 (47.7%) participants falling into the ages 21-25 years. Average body mass index (BMI) was 21.9 ± 3.3 kg/m<sup>2</sup> (range 14.7-36.3 kg/m<sup>2</sup>). The average FJS-12 score was 62.8 ± 25.6. The median FJS-12 was 63.5 with a range of 4.2-100. Nine participants (5.2%) scored the maximum score possible, and 56 (32.6%) participants scored below the midpoint score of 50. The percentiles for each subgroup of participants were tabulated and reported. Notably, males aged 46-70 years old scored the highest average FJS-12 score of 73.4 ± 5.5, and females aged 31-45 years old scored the lowest FJS-12 score of 57.1 ± 25.1. Females scored lower than males, although the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.157). There were no significant correlations between BMI, age, or type of sport played with FJS-12; however, interestingly, we observed that women reported similar FJS-12 scores across all age groups, while men reported better scores with increasing age.Interestingly,we observed that women reported similar FJS-12 scores across all age groups,while men reported better scores with increasing age. Conclusion: Having normative values provides opportunities for benchmarking and comparing individuals against age- and gender-matched peers in the general population. Knowledge of normative values for FJS-12 scores would aid evaluating and tracking progress in patients recovering from injuries or undergoing post-surgery rehabilitation. This would help clinicians determine if they return to ‘normal’ post intervention.

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        A critical review on multifunctional composites as structural capacitors for energy storage

        Chan, Kit-Ying,Jia, Baohua,Lin, Han,Hameed, Nishar,Lee, Joong-Hee,Lau, Kin-Tak Elsevier 2018 COMPOSITE STRUCTURES -BARKING THEN OXFORD- Vol.188 No.-

        <P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Due to the increasing greenhouse gas emissions and gradual run out of fossil fuels, there is a growing concern on the environmental protections and global energy demands in the world. Therefore, new energy storage technologies have been continuously developed to be integrated with renewable energy systems in recent years. Nowadays, advanced composites are popular in automotive and aerospace industries because of their significant advantages such as high specific strength to weight ratio and non-corrosion properties. Therefore, research interests in developing multifunctional composite materials in order to reduce the fuel and energy consumption have increased significantly. Therefore, this paper is focused on the development of multifunctional energy storage systems. The introduction of structural dielectric capacitors and structural electric double layer capacitors (EDLC) are presented. Then, experimental findings, in terms of improvements on the mechanical and electrical properties of structural dielectric capacitors, and factors on the overall performance of structural EDLC conducted by other researchers are given. In addition, it has been proven that the structural dielectric capacitors could maintain their capacitive function under a mechanical loading. Lastly, challenges that would be faced in the realization of structural dielectric capacitors and structural EDLC are discussed.</P>

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