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Discovery of candidate genes and pathways regulating oviduct development in chickens.
Song, Gwonhwa,Seo, Hee Won,Choi, Jin Won,Rengaraj, Deivendran,Kim, Tae Min,Lee, Bo Ram,Kim, Young Min,Yun, Tae Won,Jeong, Jae-Wook,Han, Jae Yong Society for the Study of Reproduction [etc.] 2011 BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION Vol.85 No.2
<P>Estrogen is a key regulator in the development of the female reproductive system. It also stimulates oviduct development in immature chicks. We identified candidate genes and pathways associated with the development of chicken oviducts. A pellet containing the synthetic estrogen analog diethylstilbestrol (DES) was implanted subcutaneously in 1-wk-old female chicks for 10 days. The pellet was removed from half the group for 10 days, and an additional dose was given for a further 10 days. Total RNA was extracted from the oviducts of DES-treated and untreated chicks and subjected to an Affymetrix chicken GeneChip analysis. We found differential expression of 2290 and 1745 transcripts from the oviducts that were treated with DES once and twice, respectively. We also found a twofold or greater change in the expression of 77 and 390 transcripts between the two control and DES-treated time points, respectively, while we found a change in the expression of 10 transcripts that were common to all groups. Analyses of real-time PCR and in situ hybridization of selected genes confirmed the validity of the gene expression patterns observed in the microarray analysis. In particular, CCRN4L, FAM26F, HAS2, NELF, and NTM were up-regulated in the DES-treated chicken oviducts. High-throughput analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes were related to tubular formation, epithelial differentiation, hormone interactions, nerve development, and tissue remodeling in the chicken oviduct. This study provides novel insights into candidate genes regulating oviduct development and differentiation via estrogen. The identified genes may serve as biomarkers of reproductive tract development in chicks.</P>
Avian Biotechnology: Insights from Germ Cell-mediated Transgenic Systems
Song, Gwonhwa,Park, Tae Sub,Kim, Tae Min,Han, Jae Yong Japan Poultry Science Association 2010 Journal of Poultry Science Vol.47 No.3
<P>Aves species have become valuable models for numerous experimental and biotechnological purposes due to their unique embryological and physiological traits. This review integrates recent progress and new insights into the molecular and physiological mechanisms of transgenic fowl production. Recent reports have indicated that birds are essential for studying vertebrate development and the conservation of endangered bird species, as well as serving as bioreactor hens. Over the last decade, germ cells and genetic modification have become pivotal components for the production of transgenic animals. Three prerequisites must be met for successfully producing transgenic fowl: the effective manipulation of various types of avian pluripotent cells without the loss of differentiation capacity, the manipulation of genes of interest without altering normal gene function, and increasing the efficiency of germ line chimera production. An understanding of the cellular and molecular signals that regulate germ cells as well as the development of a stable gene delivery method will make these species indispensable tools for basic research and biotechnological applications.</P>
Anti-Developmental Effects of Imazosulfuron on Zebrafish Embryos During Development
Park, Sunwoo,Song, Gwonhwa,Lim, Whasun The Korean Society of Animal Reproduction and Biot 2020 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.35 No.1
Imazosulfuron is globally considered as a relatively safe herbicide that controls plant growth by interfering with amino acid synthesis. It is stable, persists in the soil, and has low toxicity; however, studies about the toxic effects of imazosulfuron on non-targeted aquatic vertebrates are scarce. In this study, imazosulfuron was able to induce acute lethality on zebrafish embryos within 48 h. Imazosulfuron also had adverse effects on heartbeats and induced abnormal development with pericardial edema and scoliosis. Moreover, apoptosis and oxidative stress were increased by imazosulfuron in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, all our results showed that imazosulfuron has toxic effects on zebrafish embryogenesis.
EGF, IGF-I, VEGF and CSF2: Effects on Trophectoderm of Porcine Conceptus
Jeong, Wooyoung,Song, Gwonhwa The Korean Society of Animal Reproduction 2014 Reproductive & developmental biology Vol.38 No.1
The majority of early embryonic mortality in pregnancy occurs during the peri-implantation stage, suggesting that this period is important for conceptus viability and the establishment of pregnancy. Successful establishment of pregnancy in all mammalian species depends on the orchestrated molecular events that transpire at the conceptus-uterine interface during the peri-implantation period. This maternal-conceptus interaction is especially crucial in pigs because in them non-invasive epitheliochorial placentation occurs, in which the pre-implantation phase is prolonged. During the pre-implantation period, conceptus survival and the establishment of pregnancy are known to depend on the developing conceptus receiving an adequate supply of histotroph, which contains a wide range of nutrients and growth factors. Evidence links growth factors including epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and colony-stimulating factor 2 (CSF2) to embryogenesis or implantation in various mammalian species; however, in the case of pig, little is known about such functions of these growth factors, especially their regulatory mechanisms at the maternal-conceptus interface. Our research group has presented evidence for promising growth factors affecting cellular activities of primary porcine trophectoderm (pTr) cells, and we have identified potential intracellular signaling pathways responsible for the activities induced by these factors. Therefore, this review focuses on promising growth factors at the maternal-conceptus interface regulating the development of the porcine conceptus and playing pivotal roles in implantation events during early pregnancy in pigs.
Kim, Jinyoung,Song, Gwonhwa,Wu, Guoyao,Gao, Haijun,Johnson, Gregory A,Bazer, Fuller W Society for the Study of Reproduction [etc.] 2013 BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION Vol.88 No.5
<P>During the peri-implantation and early placentation periods in pigs, conceptuses (embryo and its extra-embryonic membranes) undergo dramatic morphological changes and differentiation that require the exchange of nutrients (histotroph) and gasses across the trophectoderm and a true epitheliochorial placenta. Of these nutrients, arginine (Arg), leucine (Leu), and glutamine (Gln) are essential components of histotroph; however, little is known about changes in their total amounts in the uterine lumen of cyclic and pregnant gilts and their effects on cell signaling cascades. Therefore, we determined quantities of Arg, Leu, and Gln in uterine luminal fluids and found that total recoverable amounts of these amino acids increased in pregnant but not cyclic gilts between Days 12 and 15 after onset of estrus. We hypothesized that Arg, Leu, and Gln have differential effects on hypertrophy, hyperplasia, and differentiated functions of trophectoderm cells that are critical to conceptus development. Primary porcine trophectoderm (pTr) cells treated with either Arg, Leu, or Gln had increased abundance of phosphorylated RPS6K, RPS6, and EIF4EBP1 compared to basal levels, and this effect was maintained for up to 120 min. When pTr cells were treated with Arg, Leu, and Gln, low levels of pRPS6K and pEIF4EBP1 were detected in the cytosol, but the abundance of nuclear pRPS6K increased. Immunofluorescence analyses revealed abundant amounts of pRPS6 protein in the cytoplasm of pTr cells treated with Arg, Leu, and Gln. These amino acids also increased proliferation of pTr cells. Furthermore, when Arg, Leu, and Gln were combined with siRNAs for either MTOR, RPTOR, or RICTOR, effects of those amino acids on proliferation of pTr cells were significantly inhibited. Collectively, these results indicate that Arg, Leu, and Gln act coordinately to stimulate proliferation of pTr cells through activation of the MTOR-RPS6K-RPS6-EIF4EBP1 signal transduction pathway.</P>
Lim, Whasun,Song, Gwonhwa D.A. Spandidos 2017 Oncology letters Vol.14 No.1
<P>Delphinidin is a member of the anthocyanidin family and is a natural pigment in red cabbage, berries, sweet potatoes and grapes. It possesses nutraceutical properties against various chronic diseases and types of cancer. However, little is known about its preventative effects on epithelial ovarian cancer, a disease that is associated with a low survival rate, a poor prognosis and a high rate of recurrence. The results of the present study demonstrated that the proliferation of SKOV3 cells decreased in a dose-dependent manner in response to treatment with delphinidin, and the phosphorylation of carcinogenic protein kinases associated with the progression of epithelial ovarian cancer was affected by delphinidin treatment. The levels of phosphorylated protein kinase B (AKT), ribosomal protein S6 kinase β-1 (P70S6K), ribosomal protein S (S6), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and p38 were suppressed by increasing concentrations of delphinidin. Furthermore, the combination of certain pharmacological inhibitors, including phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K; LY294002), ERK1/2 (U0126) and delphinidin significantly reduced the proliferation of SKOV3 cells and the phosphorylation of each of those target proteins. In addition, delphinidin treatment exerted anti-proliferative effects on paclitaxel-resistant SKOV3 cells, compared with treatment with paclitaxel alone. These results indicate that delphinidin inhibits the proliferation of SKOV3 cells through inactivation of PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascades, and that this cell signaling pathway may be a pivotal therapeutic target for the prevention of epithelial ovarian cancer, including paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer.</P>