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Zheng Wang,Gege Su,Songlin He,Liyun Shi,Dan He,Wenqian Shang,Dajuan Yang 한국원예학회 2021 원예과학기술지 Vol.39 No.1
Root pruning during early root development can optimize the root structure of woody plants. To determine the effects of root pruning on tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa), seedlings of the tree peony cultivar ‘Fengdanbai’ were subjected to varying degrees or different styles of root pruning. Various indexes were analyzed, including the anatomical structure of the root, root vitality, the activity levels of antioxidant enzymes, and the contents of endogenous hormones and their ratios. Comprehensive morphological observation showed that pruning freshly germinated roots that are 3 cm long by 1/3 (i.e., removing 1 cm) yielded the greatest rooting rate (90%), lateral root initiation (2.34 per seedling), and subsequent growth. Analysis of physiological and biochemical indicators during the critical rooting period (3-5 days after root pruning) showed that the levels of superoxide dismutase and abscisic acid (ABA) were decreased, while the oxidase activities of peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and indole acetate oxidase and the contents of the endogenous hormones indole acetic acid (IAA), gibberellin (GA3), and zeatin (ZT) were increased. IAA plays a key role in the process of adventitious root formation and the ratios of IAA/GA3, IAA/ABA, and IAA/ZT reflect endogenous hormone homeostasis during adventitious root formation. IAA/ABA and IAA/ZT showed higher values in the pruned roots compared to the control roots, which favor adventitious root induction and elongation. These results provide a basis for the study of adventitious root formation in tree peony.
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Research progress on hydrogel-based drug therapy in melanoma immunotherapy
( Wei He ),( Yanqin Zhang ),( Yi Qu ),( Mengmeng Liu ),( Guodong Li ),( Luxiang Pan ),( Xinyao Xu ),( Gege Shi ),( Qiang Hao ),( Fen Liu ),( Yuan Gao ) 생화학분자생물학회 2024 BMB Reports Vol.57 No.2
Melanoma is one of the most aggressive skin tumors, and conventional treatment modalities are not effective in treating advanced melanoma. Although immunotherapy is an effective treatment for melanoma, it has disadvantages, such as a poor response rate and serious systemic immune-related toxic side effects. The main solution to this problem is the use of biological materials such as hydrogels to reduce these side effects and amplify the immune killing effect against tumor cells. Hydrogels have great advantages as local slow-release drug carriers, including the ability to deliver antitumor drugs directly to the tumor site, enhance the local drug concentration in tumor tissue, reduce systemic drug distribution and exhibit good degradability. Despite these advantages, there has been limited research on the application of hydrogels in melanoma treatment. Therefore, this article provides a comprehensive review of the potential application of hydrogels in melanoma immunotherapy. Hydrogels can serve as carriers for sustained drug delivery, enabling the targeted and localized delivery of drugs with minimal systemic side effects. This approach has the potential to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy for melanoma. Thus, the use of hydrogels as drug delivery vehicles for melanoma immunotherapy has great potential and warrants further exploration.
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