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Spatial clustering of Plasmodium falciparum in Bihar (India) from 2007 to 2015
Gouri Sankar Bhunia,Niyamat Ali Siddiqui,Department of Biostatistics,Nandini Chatterjee,Sanjay Kumar Sinha 대한공간정보학회 2016 Spatial Information Research Vol.24 No.6
Malaria is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Bihar (India), and concomitant with the spatial and temporal discrepancy throughout the region. Present study aims to determine the changes in spatial distribution of Plasmodium falciparum in Bihar from year 2007–2015. We used Moran’s I indices and Getis-Ord Gi* statistics to determine the spatial clustering pattern of malaria. The highest variability of disease distribution was observed in 2009. The maximum spatial autocorrelation value was calculated in 2011 (Moran’s I = 0.62, p\0.00001). Results of cluster-outlier analysis showed significant high– high clustered. Plasmodium falciparum were spread in the western part of the state from 2007 to 2015. Most of the hotspot districts were observed in the south-west corner of the state. Furthermore, temporal disparities in malaria incidence were also observed. There is an intense change in the spatial clustering pattern of P. falciparum malaria within a 9-year period. Malaria hot spots are exhibited as risk maps that are valuable for observing and spatial targeting of deterrence and control actions against the disease.
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( Reeta Mahey ),( Shobha Kandpal ),( Monica Gupta ),( Perumal Vanamail ),( Biostatistics ),( Neerja Bhatla ),( Neena Malhotra ) 대한산부인과학회 2020 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.63 No.4
Objective The incidence of women in the reproductive age group diagnosed with cancer has recently increased. However, very few patients opt for or are offered fertility preservation (FP) strategies because of a significant lack in awareness. The present study was conducted to evaluate the knowledge of the effect of cancer treatment on fertility and available options for FP. Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary care center from March 2019 through August 2019. One hundred female patients with gynecological or nongynecological cancer and 18-40 years of age were interviewed. The participants were categorized on the basis of the modified Kuppuswamy socioeconomic status (SES) scale and the responses of the patients in the different categories were compared. Results More than half the patients (63%) were in the 20-35-year age group. Most of the patients (71%) were married, and of them, 28 (39.4%) desired to have children. Only 32% of the patients were aware of the detrimental effect of cancer and its treatment on future fertility, and of them, only 28% could specify the gonadotoxic effect of chemotherapy. Knowledge was significantly higher in the upper and middle SES levels than it was in the lower SES level (P<0.001). More than half of the patients (68%) were not aware of the existing FP options, whereas one-third of the patients (32%) were given information about FP by their physicians. Conclusion The overall awareness of the gonadotoxic effect of cancer therapy and available FP options in the present study was poor. Awareness of FP among both patients and clinicians needs to be increased.
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