Effect of Social Deprivation on the Stage and Mode of Presentation of Colorectal Cancer

Ahmed ELHadi,Sarah Ashford-Wilson,Stephanie Brown,Atanu Pal,Roshan Lal,Kamal Aryal 대한대장항문학회 2016 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.32 No.4

Purpose: Based in a hospital serving one of the most deprived areas in the United Kingdom (UK), we aimed to investigate, using the Indices of Deprivation 2010, the hypothesis that deprivation affects the stage and mode of presentation of colorectal cancer. Methods: All newly diagnosed patients with colorectal cancer presenting to a District General Hospital in the UK between January 2010 and December 2014 were included. Data were collected from the Somerset National Cancer Database. The effect of social deprivation, measured using the Index of Multiple Deprivation Score, on the stage and mode of presentation was evaluated utilizing Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS ver. 22.0. Results: A total of 701 patients (54.5% male; mean age, 76 years) were included; 534 (76.2%) underwent a surgical procedure, and 497 (70.9%) underwent a colorectal resection. Of the patients undergoing a colorectal resection, 86 (17.3%) had an emergency surgical resection. Social deprivation was associated with Duke staging (P = 0.09). The 90-day mortality in patients undergoing emergency surgery was 12.8% compared to 6.8% in patients undergoing elective surgery (P = 0.06). No association was found between deprivation and emergency presentation (P = 0.97). A logistic regression analysis showed no increase in the probability of metastasis amongst deprived patients. Conclusion: This study suggests an association between deprivation and the stage of presentation of colorectal cancer. Patients undergoing emergency surgery tend to have a higher 90-day mortality rate, although this was not related to deprivation. This study highlights the need to develop an individual measure to assess social deprivation.

The Effect of Application of non-Financial Dimensions of Balanced Scorecard on Performance Evaluation: An Empirical Study from Saudi Arabia

Abubkr Ahmed Elhadi ABDELRAHEEM,Asaad Mubarak HUSSIEN 한국유통과학회 2022 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.9 No.4

The study applied the non-financial dimensions of the Balanced Scorecard (customer dimension, internal processes dimension, learning, and growth dimension). It was done to evaluate performance and measure the effectiveness of these dimensions on performance evaluation at College of Science and Humanities Studies: Al Aflaj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University. The researchers used the descriptive analytical approach to conduct the study to find the effect of these dimensions. Data was collected from the college staff and administrators; 120 questionnaires were distributed, out of which 112 were collected. The questionnaire data were analyzed using exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), hypotheses were tested using the structural equation modeling (SEM) through the (Spss) and (Amos) software. The study finding showed that the balanced scorecard had a positive contribution in evaluating the performance of the College of Science and Humanities Studies: Al Aflaj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University through the dimensions of customers and internal processes, and the study finding revealed that the balanced scorecard has no contribution at performance evaluating the College of Science and Humanities Studies: Al Aflaj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University through the dimension of learning and growth.

Improving the Detection of Malware Behaviour Using Simplified Data Dependent API Call Graph

Ammar Ahmed E. Elhadi,Mohd Aizaini Maarof,Bazara I. A. Barry 보안공학연구지원센터 2013 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.7 No.5

The Effect of Supply Chain Management on Total Quality Management: An Application of Just-in-Time (JIT) Practices

Abubkr Ahmed Elhadi ABDELRAHEEM(Abubkr Ahmed Elhadi ABDELRAHEEM ),Asaad Mubarak HUSSIEN(Asaad Mubarak HUSSIEN ) 한국유통과학회 2023 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.10 No.1

The study attempted to answer the questions related to the expected effects of supply chain management variables which include: Partnership with Suppliers (PS), Relationships with Customers (RC), Quality of Information Exchange (QIE), and Postponement (P), as independent variables, total quality management (TQM) as a dependents variable, and just in time (JIT) as a mediator variable. The study relies on the descriptive approach by conducting an empirical study on commercial companies in Riyadh Governorate in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Through the methods of descriptive and analytical statistics represented in exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and structural equation modeling (SEM)), using the AMOS and SPSS programs, the results of the applied study indicated that: There is an effect of supply chain management variables (quality of information exchange, Postponement) on just in time (JIT), there is no effect of the supply chain variables (relationship with customers, partnership with suppliers) on just in time (JIT), there is an indirect effect of the quality of information exchange, Postponement, partnership with suppliers, the relationship with customers on total quality management (TQM), relationship with customers affect on total quality management (TQM) indirectly, just in time (JIT) does not affect total quality management (TQM)

Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes and Subtypes Circulating in Libya

( Aisha Busife ),( Hesham Ziglam ),( Abdulaziz Zorgani ),( Muhammed Elhadi ),( Hazem Ahmed ),( Ahmed Elhadi ),( Najib Sufya ) 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1

Aims: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a global important health issue affecting around 150-170 million patients around the world, around 1-1.3% of the Libyan population are affected by HCV. HCV genotyping plays an important role in the clinical decision and epidemiological studies; there are six major genotypes worldwide. The aim of the study was to establish the local genotypic profile and characterize the associated treatment response rate for patients on pegylated interferon and ribavirin in Tripoli Center Hosptial (TCH) Tripoli, Libya. Methods: A total of 72 patients with a measurable serum HCV-RNA were enrolled between 2014 and 2015. HCV Genotyping was performed by the Abbott Real-Time HCV assay v2.0 using Applied Biosystem Real-Time PCR. Results: HCV with genotype 4 forms the highest incidence rate of infection, presented with 41.6%, followed by 1a (9.7%), 2 (9.7%) and 1b (6.9%). While other HCV genotype 1 and genotype 3 subtypes were detected in (27.7%). The HCV genotype 1b had achieved SVR with higher rate representing 100% of the treatment more than that of the HCV genotype 1a that displayed 28%. In contrast, the HCV genotype 3a infected patients had succeeded to achieve the SVR (100%) than other HCV genotype 3 subtypes. However, HCV genotype 2 have fully achieved the ETR with a rate of 100%. Conclusions: The sustained virological response rate with different HCV genotypes was indeed 92%, 73%, 57% and 50% of patients infected with HCV genotypes 3, 4, 2 and 1 respectively. This would reflect that the screening for HCV genotyping predicting the treatment response. Nevertheless, the HCV genotype 1a displayed the minimum level of the SVR. These results were consistent with previous reports.

Predictable Factors Affecting the Virological Response Among Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Patients in Libya

( Aisha Busife ),( Hesham Ziglam ),( Abdulaziz Zorgani ),( Muhammed Elhadi ),( Hazem Ahmed ),( Ahmed Elhadi ),( Najib Sufya ) 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1

Aims: The global prevalence rate of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is 2.5 %. Approximately 21.3 million patients infected with HCV are living in Eastern Mediterranean countries. Chronic HCV patients taking interferon with ribavirin from different ethnic groups have different probabilities of reaching a sustained virological response (SVR). There are many factors, such as HCV genotype, age, gender, body weight, IL-28B single-nucleotide polymorphism, concomitant disease and liver function enzymes. The purpose of this study was to model the probability of achieving a sustained virological response in individual patients, taking into consideration various predictive factors. Methods: Total of 120 subjects was interviewed and was subjective to routine laboratory investigation and abdominal ultrasound. Forty-six were excluded due to co-infection with HBC or HIV, decompensated liver disease, drug dependence, alcoholic, autoimmune disease, pregnancy, cardiac disease, age above 70 years, and poorly controlled diabetic patients. Only 72 patients with chronic HCV who received pegylated interferon and ribavirin (Peg-IFN/RBV) in Tripoli Center Hospital (TCH) in Tripoli, Libya from 2014 to 2015 were included. Quantitative HCVRNA was assessed before the treatment and at week 1, week 4, week12, week 24, week 48 and week 72 to detect whether the patient achieved SVR. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify variables associated with treatment response. Results: At 24 weeks after the end of combination therapy, the overall SVR was detected in 49 (68%). However, 53 (73%) of patients achieved end treatment response (ETR). Moreover, the SVR was significantly higher in patients with genotype 1b and 3a (100%) than in patients with genotype 1a and 2 (28% and 57.1% respectively). However, there was no significant difference between patients who given INFa2a and INF a2b (P=0.75). IL28B CC haplotype patient, the viral load less than 600,000 IU.ml-1(matches 5.7 logs) and the body weight < 80kg, non-detectable HCV-RNA level at week four, and genotype of the HCV were factors that predict good response for Peg-IFN/RBV combined therapy (P<0.05). However, age and gender were not a significant predictive factor. Conclusions: This prediction model uses easily determined variables for a personalized estimate of the probability of SVR with Peg-IFN/RBV, allowing to identify patients who may benefit from conventional therapy.

Role of Interleukin 28B Polymorphisms in Response to Interferon Based Therapy for Hepatitis C Virus Clearance in Libya

( Aisha Busife ),( Hesham Ziglam ),( Abdulaziz Zorgani ),( Muhammed Elhadi ),( Hazem Ahmed ),( Ahmed Elhadi ),( Najib Sufya ) 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1

Aims: The Single-nucleotide polymorphism in interleukin genes have been reported to be associated with clearance of HCV and sustained virologic response (SVR). Interleukin 28B (IL28B) gene polymorphism is responsible for immune protection against viruses. IL28B gene polymorphism in HCV infection determines the fate of infection toward spontaneous clearance or chronic infection. This study aims to determine that IL28B gene polymorphism is associated with HCV clearance as well as response to interferon treatment in Libyan patient. Methods: Total of 72 patients with chronic HCV infection who received interferon plus ribavirin combination therapy were enrolled in the study. Viral RNA was checked at one, the third and sixth month of treatment. Genotyping of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs12979860 of IL-28B gene was performed using DNA isolated from blood plasma. Detection was performed using Applied Biosystem® Real-Time PCR. Results: Twenty-four patients (33%) had CC genotype, 36 (50%) had CT, and 12 (17%) had TT. CC patients obviously had achieved the SVR (91%) more than that of CT/TT (58% and 50%) respectively (P<0.005). This had reported with HCV genotype 1 and HCV genotype 4 infected patients similar to other findings reported by several studies. The studied patients who have infected with HCV genotype 3 had achieved RVR and succeeded to achieve the SVR irrespective of their IL28B genotypes where the relapse there after had reported only with the CC patients. On the other hand, CC/TT (haplotype) patients infected with HCV genotype 2 significantly achieved the RVR that eventually translate to SVR achievement. However, the rate of the RVR for CT patients was indeed lower that consequently translated into a lower SVR rate and higher of the thereafter relapse. IL28B CC genotype was the independent predictive factor for SVR with an (odds ratio [OR] 10.59; (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.47-76.43; P=0.019). These findings were indeed consistent with several studies using the IL28B with various genotypes as predictive factors for the SVR. Conclusions: The CC patients showed a trend toward higher viral decline more than the CT and TT patients. Therefore, IL28B genotyping may be used as a predictor of IFN-based therapy outcomes, and a strategy for developing personalized treatment of hepatitis C patients in Libya.

Factors Affecting Climate Change Accounting Disclosure Among Saudi Publicly List Firms on the Saudi Stock Exchange Market

Asaad Mubarak Hussien MUSA(Asaad Mubarak Hussien MUSA ),Abubkr Ahmed Elhadi ABDELRAHEEM(Abubkr Ahmed Elhadi ABDELRAHEEM ),Abbas Abdelrahman ADAM(Abbas Abdelrahman ADAM ) 한국유통과학회 2023 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.10 No.2

This study’s goal is to investigate the effects of board size, the number of annual board meetings, the profitability of the company, and the audit Committee on the disclosure of climate change in Saudi companies listed on the stock exchange. It was conducted to evaluate affecting some factors on carbon emissions by the regression model. The study uses the content analysis method. Data was collected from the annual and sustainability reports, and the platform database Refinitiv, an LSEG (London Stock Exchange Group Company) for the period 2018 to 2021. The study sample is 51 companies. The study findings showed Saudi Arabia saw its first significant overall drop in CO2 emissions with a 22.61 MtCO2 decline (3.93%) in 2018. The study revealed a positive connection between the size of the director’s board, and the disclosure of carbon emissions in Saudi firms listed on the stock market. While other factors are not related to the number of director’s board meetings, the audit committee, and the profitability of the company on the disclosure of carbon emissions in the Saudi companies listed on the stock exchange.

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Earning Quality: Empirical Evidence from Commercial Banks in Saudi Arabia

MUSA, Asaad Mubarak Hussien,ABDELRAHEEM, Abubkr Ahmed Elhadi Korea Distribution Science Association 2022 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.9 No.6

This study aims to investigate the impact of the Corona pandemic on the earning quality (EQ) of Saudi national banks. It was conducted to evaluate the measurement of the earning quality based on the Penman approach. The researchers used the analytical method to conduct the study to find the effect of this Pandemic. Data was collected from the annual reports for the period 2010 to 2020 from Saudi national banks, which are twelve according to the annual report for the Saudi central bank, and eight of them were selected as a sample of the study. The banks are Alinma Bank, Al Rajhi Bank, Bank Al Bilad, The National Commercial Bank, Bank Aljazeera, Riyad Bank, Samba Financial Group (Samba), and Arab National Bank. The study findings showed that the Corona pandemic had a negative impact on the Saudi economy, and led to deflation in 2020 by 4.1% due to the oil sector. They also showed reducing oil production by the (OPEC +) agreement to achieve stability in the oil market and the non-oil sector. It was also revealed that the profits of Saudi commercial banks in 2020 decreased by 23.1% and that the Corona pandemic had Caused the earning quality to decline in all the studied banks.