朝鮮後期 水陸齋 硏究 = (A) Study on Sulyukjae(水陸齋) in the late Chosun Dynasty

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Chosun Dynasty was adopted which introduced in the late Koryo Dynasty for political ideology. Jusahak(朱子學) had been a common life pattern. Chosun Dynasty rulers made Jusahak(朱子學) become the customary formalities(朱子家禮) of the index for a family management so they fixed, enlarged Ole(五禮) to enlighten people on loyalty and filial devotion. Buddhism both ideology and religion were denounced as heresy thoroughly. But confucian idea flew its way toward an conception with the lapse of time apart from real life. Because it was the ruling classical logic. The social of Chosun Dynasty was improved through Imjinwaeran(壬辰倭亂) and Pyungjahoran(丙子胡亂) that is agricultural productivity and commerce were developed by introducing new civilization. Chosun Dynasty was agitated by this change in situation, peoples in this uneasy situation pursued an individual and praying faith. So Buddhism adopted a ceremony(儀禮) as a method for propagation to cope with this social change.
Sulyukjae(水陸齋) is the Buddhism Ceremony(佛敎儀禮) held for a lone and unfair spirit. Originally, it was the ceremony that was held for the soul not to have desceclent. But it transformed gradually into an individual faith form in the late Chosun Dynasty. Sulyukjae(水陸齋), one of a large-scale Buddhism ceremony which was hold for 7 days or usually continued for 49 days, was generally hold in a ship to the sea or river.
In China Lyahngmuje(梁武帝) held Sulyukjae(水陸齋) for the first time. In Korea it had been begun by Kuangjong(光宗) in Koryo Dynasty since the late Chosun Dynasty. Though formal ceremony was disappeared and shrinkled until the late Chosun Dynasty, it played on important part to support Buddhism for a means of propagandism. It was remarkablely that Sulyukjae(水陸齋) as the Buddhism Ceremony was continually carried out in spite of persecution of Buddhism in Chosun Dynasty.
Performing Sulyukjae(水陸齋) was significant at that time which Joosahak(朱子學) served as political ideology. Because it was held among the Buddhism Ceremonies in Chosun Dynasty. It was viewed as Buddhistic social religion, fuction and deep permeation into people. Like this, Buddhism was substitued for confucianism in a religion and standed for such a function at that time. Now research, it was very weak, and most of them were nothing but sketch Sulyukjae(水陸齋) is able to represent Chosun Buddhism Ceremony on the ground of research about Sulyukjae(水陸齋), data of『A true record of the Chosun Dynasty』(『朝鮮王朝實錄』) and a collection of works(all sorts of an anthalogy).
Sulyukjae(水陸齋), that was continued from Koryo Dynasty to Chosun Dynasty, held all itself about "the ceremony to mourn(追薦의 齋)" since 1422(1422년, 世宗 4年). But simultaneously it was restricted, official performation was gradually decreased. That was an opportunity for Buddhism to spread into the people in that existing Buddhism faith was exchanged with ceremony as coversible Sulyukjae(水陸齋).
Sulyukjae(水陸齋), in the late Chosun Dynasty was pupular in terms of leading class, cost spent ceremony and procedure of it. Citizen in the late Chosun Dynasty were able to be accessible to it. It exchanged national event in first Chosun dynasty with a form of individual faith that is, Buddihism as national religion in Koryo dynasty was changed into individual faith in Chosun dynasty. A Buddihistical ceremony transition was associated with the change of a leading and participating class in Sulyukjae(水陸齋). It was mainly held for Koryo Dynasty, the happiness of ancestores, the welfare and good health in the first period. Sulyukjae(水陸齋) was hold by all of the common people, the gentry and a loyal family. It was social problem that didn't abolished it.
The cost was mainly met from Sulyukweajon(水陸位田) and servants given from a state in the first Chosun Dynasty. The number of Sulyukweajon(水陸位田) was decreased, because Jungjong(中宗) in Chosun Dynasty reformed Sulyukweajon(水陸位田), the cost should be solved by other method. That is to say, Sulyukjae(水陸齋) offered from a loyal family to citizen in the late Chosun Dynasty. It showed that Sulyukjae(水陸齋) of a form of individual faith was tumed into publication of several ceremonial collection(serveral collection of ceremony) in commedtion to Sulyukjae(水陸齋) proved. It was that a collection of ceremony showed a difference between in the first and in the late Chosun Dynasty.
As it went in the last period, such a proceduce was more or less. Simple and Bumpae(梵唄), Jakbub(作法) and Jinun(眞言) was consalidated. This fact was able to be infered to Sulyukjae(水陸齋). Because a little more intimate with the common people such an important factor was related to the common culture. Such facts let us know that we was able to understand. Buddhism of the late Chosun Dynasty from a different standpoint, the Buddhism of that time changed national religion into private faith through a period of transition of the first Chosun Dynasty.
Stated as above, Sulyukjae(水陸齋) gradually penetrated into the citizen in the late Chosun Dynasty. Sulyukjae(水陸齋) as Buddhism ceremony played an important part in such an transition.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 目次
• Ⅰ. 序論 = 4
• Ⅱ. 朝鮮前期 水陸齋의 設行 = 7
• Ⅲ. 朝鮮後期 水陸齋 儀禮集의 編纂 = 15
• 1. 刊行과 流布 = 15
• 2. 의례집의 내용 = 19
• Ⅳ. 朝鮮後期水陸齋의 변화 = 23
• 1. 주도 계층의 다양화 = 23
• 2. 의례 비용의 축소 = 28
• 3. 절차의 간소화 = 32
• Ⅴ. 結論 = 37
• 參考文獻 = 39
• Abstract = 43