Delinquency, which is one of the behaviors often portrayed when a child has difficulty in adjusting, is the most representative problematic behavior displayed out in the open. Recently, the age group portraying delinquency, which has historically been...
Delinquency, which is one of the behaviors often portrayed when a child has difficulty in adjusting, is the most representative problematic behavior displayed out in the open. Recently, the age group portraying delinquency, which has historically been associated with teenagers, are gradually becoming younger and this phenomenon is most evident in areas densely populated by low-income families. Therefore, this paper focuses on childhood delinquency of low-income families and identifies the correlation of various environmental factors impacting childhood delinquency. The environmental systems surrounding children are classified by the following three factors: family, peer group, and school. In the family category, parenting as well as trust and communication between a child and hisher parent(s) were studied. In the peer group, negative peer relationship, and in school, student-teacher relationship was studied, respectively, to identify how these factors were impacting childhood delinquency. Also, during this process, the paper identifies the effects that interactions with significant others and social services have on childhood delinquency. To meet the above-mentioned objectives, in-depth interviews with children and main caretakerparent of low-income families were conducted. Furthermore, self-administered questionnaires have been filled out by 449 children in fourth to sixth grade who were from low-income families residing in densely populated low-income districts around Seoul. The collected data was analyzed using the structural equation model and the analysis has produced the following results: First, when there was a lack of trust and poor communication between a child and hisher caretakerparent, and when the caretakerparent had poor understanding of the child''s desires, relationship with friends, and overall activities, there was a higher frequency of childhood delinquency witnessed. Second, when there was a lack of trust and poor communication between a child and hisher caretakerparent, and when the caretakerparent had poor understanding of the child''s desires, relationship with friends, and overall activities, there was a higher frequency of the child associating in a negative peer group, and likewise, the higher the frequency of association with a negative peer group, the higher were the frequency of childhood delinquency. Third, when there was a lack of trust and poor communication between a child and hisher caretakerparent, and when the caretakerparent had poor understanding of the child''s desires, relationship with friends, and overall activities, the higher were the frequency of the child having a difficult relationship with hisher teacher. However, the student-teacher relationship did not have any impact on the degree of childhood delinquency. Fourth, the presence of a significant other was found to interact with the family factor''s impact on childhood delinquency. In other words, the presence of a significant other, i.e. an adult, who is neither the caretakerparent nor teacher but who understands and helps the child andor whom a child can talk to about schoolwork or future goals, creates synergy with and play a complementary role to the positive family factor in further reducing the degree of childhood delinquency. Fifth, amongst many social services, involvement in an after-school activity was found to interact with the peer group factor''s impact on childhood delinquency. The child''s involvement in an after-school care program served as a buffer in reducing the impact that an association with a negative peer group had on the degree of childhood delinquency. Therefore, it has been identified that the family and negative peer group are important factors of environmental systems influencing childhood delinquency. Also, the presence of a significant other and the involvement in an after-school care program interact with the impact the family and negative peer group had on childhood delinquency. Based on the findings of this paper, first, family or caretakerparent intervention program is required to reduce or prevent the occurrence of childhood delinquency in low-income families. Second, the paper suggests the importance of developing programs to link children with significant others such as the Big BrotherSister Program or Mentor Program as well as developing appropriate social service programs such as after-school care. Furthermore, policy-wise, apart from the existing policy-directed and financial assistance, there is a need to introduce a more diversified ways to help children. Secondly, to intervene and help a child''s healthy growth, it is critical to not only have access to the individual child but also have access to the child''s family. Thus, in this respect, there is a great need to strengthen family welfare policies.