Imjinwaeran, which broke out in April, 1592 (the 25th year of King Seonjo’s reign), was a major event that brought many changes to Joseon. Academic circles have development a range of discussions about the subjects and patterns of overcoming the war...
Imjinwaeran, which broke out in April, 1592 (the 25th year of King Seonjo’s reign), was a major event that brought many changes to Joseon. Academic circles have development a range of discussions about the subjects and patterns of overcoming the war. There has been a lot of interest in the research on the active roles of the army raised for the cause of justice, and attention has recently been paid to the process of overcoming the war based on the collaboration between the royal forces and the army raised for the cause of justice. Active research has been conducted on the route of attack that the major units of Japanese forces took, and good examples are found in Gyeongsang Province.
This study focuses on Jain in Gyeongsang Province. In the early days of the war, Jain was not subjected to direct invasion from Japanese troops. As the war continued on, however, it was not able to avoid the threat of the war. In those days, Jain belonged to the Gyeongju-bu military system. In Jain, a local army was raised for the cause of justice in the early days of the war when the national system did not operate smoothly. The emergence and roles of Choi Mun-byeong (1557~1599), who was a general of the army raised in Jain for the cause of justice, offered some clues to figure out the nature and characteristics of the army’s activities in minor areas.
Choi Mun-byeong was selected as a general in the army raised for the cause of justice on the foundation that his Choi family of Yeongcheon had built in Jain and his academic exchanges and relations. By raising an army for the cause of justice, he demonstrated his responsibility and duty as a member of the distinguished local family in Jain. Gaining confidence from two single combats in the early days, Choi made more assertive reactions to the invasion of Japanese forces.
The biggest characteristic of his activities in the army raised for the cause of justice was the united front that he formed and used continuously with generals of the army raised for the cause of justice in other areas. At a time when the order system of the royal forces did not work smoothly, Choi formed a united front with Park Gyeong-jeon, a general of the army raised for the cause of justice in Cheongdo, to guard the areas. The united activities between the two generals brought stability to the eastern parts of Cheongdo and blocked the enemy invasion in the southern parts of Jain. Moreover, they offered a chance for Jain’s army to expanded its united front action and became the background in which Choi participated in the battle to reclaim the Yeongcheon Fortress. Under the goal of defeating the Japanese troops stationed in the Yeongcheon Fortress, Choi marched for Yeongcheon and Sinnyeong and formed a united front with several generals of armies raised for the cause of justice. He also took the heavy responsibilities of Woocheong and played active roles in the process of the war, winning back the Yeongcheon Fortress. As the command system of Gyeongju-bu was restored around the royal forces, Choi developed united front activities with the royal forces. In early August, 1592, the Japanese forces invaded Jain. Choi formed an alliance with the royal forces and defeated the Japanese attacks one after another, succeeding in defending Jain.
Choi's activities in the army raised for the cause of justice were reported to the royal court during the war. After his death, he received the posthumous conferment of honors as Hanseongbuwooyun. Driven by public opinions promoted by the Confucian scholars of Jain, his ancestral tablet was later enshrined at Yeonggye Seowon. These events indicate that his reputation continued on.
Choi Mun-byeong, a local nobleman of Jain and general of army raised for the cause of justice, led the army troops with a strategy of forming a united front with other troops and achieved considerable effects in reacting to the Japanese troops and guarding the community. His case sheds light on an aspect of a strategy used by generals of armies raised for the cause of justice in minor areas to overcome the limited size of their activities. They protected the community and people through united front activities with other army troops raised for the cause of justice and the royal troops, thus making a contribution to the conquest of a national crisis and fulfilling their social responsibilities and duties as the local nobility and ruling class.