On February 3, 2016, the "Act on the withdrawal of life sustaining treatment for patients under hospice, palliative care and dying process" (Hereafter “Withdrawal of Life Sustaining Treatment Act”) was enacted. This paper focuses on the criminal l...
On February 3, 2016, the "Act on the withdrawal of life sustaining treatment for patients under hospice, palliative care and dying process" (Hereafter “Withdrawal of Life Sustaining Treatment Act”) was enacted. This paper focuses on the criminal law research relevant to withdrawal of life sustaining treatment.
With the enactment of Withdrawal of Life Sustaining Treatment Act, the justifications for criminal punishment for the doctor’s discontinuing treatment underwent a paradigm shift. In the past, the practice of discontinuing doctor's treatment was a legitimate act according to the Criminal Law Article 20, which was ‘Not a violation of social norms’, which was also the position of the legacy and precedent in which the illegality was justified. However, with the enactment -of Withdrawal of Life Sustaining Treatment Act, the act of discontinuing treatment has come to possess the highest legal justification, which is now considered a ‘legal act’ in accordance with the Article 20 of the Criminal Code.
In addition, the 'presumptive consent' principle, which is linked to the 'consent of the victim' in the Article 24 of the Criminal Code and claimed to be recognized as an independent provision, has now come to have a legal rule of independent regulation as a special law through the provision of Article 17 (1) (3) and Article 18 of the Withdrawal of Life Sustaining Treatment Act that explicitly regulates the assumptive (presumptive).
The improvement plan of the Withdrawal of Life Sustaining Treatment Act has been considered from the patient’s position and the doctor’s position.
From the patient’s perspective, the most urgent part of the improvement is the change in the simplified or smaller family form of modern society, which may create potential issues in case, where the patient may not have a family relationship as stipulated in Article 17 of the Act and that there is a lack of regard for the underage patients. In order to solve this problem, the provisions of the 1901a and 1901b of the German Civil Act (BGB) specify the requirements for realizing the patient’s will, and the provision that recognizes the qualification of a guardian to a licensed representative authorized by the patient in addition to the patient's family, which are to be incorporated into our Withdrawal of Life Sustaining Treatment Act. Additionally, the extension rule of the patient family range in Article 7 of the Taiwan Healthy Living Medical Ordinance was considered as an improvement plan. Also, in case of underage patients, the study refers to regulations regulating the age-specific tendency of criminal youth prescribed by the Korean Juvenile Law. With respects to the- improvements to be applied to doctors may include establishing independent regulations on the physician’s obligation to explain, and complementing inadequate requirements for the provision of presumptive acceptance.
It is important to note that the amendment of this law must take place with the highest respect of the right of self-determination of patients, which should be observed by the 'legislator' who has the authority to revise each subject, 'patient' who expresses the intention to withdraw life sustaining medical treatments and 'doctor in charge' who assumes the performance of the suspending medical services. Only then will this law avoid the possibility of being misused as a procedural means of justifying the decision to suspend medical care and allow the patient to exercise his real self-determination in life in accordance with the enactment of the law.