This study, under a critical mind that there are noticeably extreme parts in the existing perception of Seonjo, and these facts were overlaid in later generations, would reveal the fact that harsh criticism overlaid on that should be removed, in order...
This study, under a critical mind that there are noticeably extreme parts in the existing perception of Seonjo, and these facts were overlaid in later generations, would reveal the fact that harsh criticism overlaid on that should be removed, in order to judge historical facts and correct perception of history, breaking away from the situation in which negative aspects of the time of Seonjo form a large majority.
Of many kings during the Joseon dynasty, one-sided and negative evaluations form a large majority of the evaluations of Seonjo, and it is in fact also undeniable that there are negative aspects when achievements during the period of Seonjo’s reign are considered. There are several reasons why Seonjo was underestimated historically, and of them, mostly, with the grounds, including his passive actions around the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592 and the fact that ‘faction politics’ called political, social evil during the late Joseon period began during his time, this period was understood as a chaotic period when political strife began.
However, it is necessary to further consider if this proves that Seonjo was not a great king and accordingly, he deserved criticism. Seonjo’s royal authority had been considerably strong till the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592. He checked so that ministers pivotal in the court could not exceed the royal authority through the appointment of a variety of personnel while he prevented rapid political confusion, utilizing appropriate check through the political system of faction. If the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592 did not occur, Seonjo’s royal authority would have been maintained stable.
In the meantime, it is noted that many figures appeared in the reign of Seonjo. It should be considered the fact that a number of excellent, talented persons appeared in the time of Seonjo because of his political reform and unique view of talented persons instead of just a coincidence. It is noted that Seonjo would appoint persons with excellent learning and virtue, not just depending on the records of Gwageo (The highest-level state examination to recruit ranking officials). In addition, it is noted that Seonjo’s policy for the appointment of talented persons did not end with a one-time royal edict, but consistently continued, and it is also found, how important the way in which he dealt with the issue of the appointment of talented persons during the period in which Confucian scholars seized power
In addition, it is clear that the vitalization of recommendation system was one axis of the appointment of a lot of talented persons. The recommendation system was an action of the group of Confucian scholars to resolve the concentration of power seized by Hungu-pa and ease the rising Confucian scholars’ entry into officialdom, and it expanded to a cause of securing justification even after the time when they seized power, but unlike the existing Gwageo system and Muneum system, talented persons spread in every corner of the country were appointed in wide and diverse fields. The permission of the appointment of the sons of concubines and official and private nomination of civilians, too, affected this. The permission of the sons of concubines to take Gwageo toand the reform for the civilianization of official and private nomination might be unprecedented, which would change the foundation of the system of the order of social status in Joseon. These changes expanded the opportunities of appointment for the sons of concubines and persons officially and privately nominated. In addition, even after the suppression of Nitanggae’s Rebellion, this policy continues to appear, expanded during the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592. Consequently, they could be appointed for a certain period till the permission of the appointment of the sons of concubines was prohibited again, which provided a case of the permission of the appointment of the sons of concubines for the future generations.
Various systems of selecting talented persons and appointment from various ranks could recruit a number of talented persons in many fields. However, these decisions are finally confirmed by the king. Even if a lot of talented persons were selected, it would be meaningless if the king refused them. Therefore, there could not but be an impact of his view of talented persons on the appearance of numerous talented persons during the reign of Seonjo.