The modern meaning of welfare turned to demander-centered customized welfare from supplier-centered dispensational welfare, and upon signing of the 'UN Convention on the Rights of the Child' awareness on children's rights was spreaded which led childr...
The modern meaning of welfare turned to demander-centered customized welfare from supplier-centered dispensational welfare, and upon signing of the 'UN Convention on the Rights of the Child' awareness on children's rights was spreaded which led children to acquire position as demander of compassion and dispensation as well as subject of the right and to grow an idea that responsibility of guarantee is primarily on the country. It formed sympathy that subjectivity of children's rights should be strengthened, so that various policies have been enforced. But, in fact, legal basis of child welfare is vulnerable due to lack of legal study, especially study by public law, on the rights and welfare of the child.
This thesis has the legal perspective based on these problem and suggests improvement direction to realize child welfare which is able to enhance children's rights throughout classification and consideration of aspects of legislation and delivery system.
As a basic premise to discuss of child welfare, first of all, child welfare is defined as activities substantially ensuring children's rights with cooperation between country and society for children to live a happy life as a human being and to make them a foundation of sound growth in physical, emotional, and intellectual development.
Furthermore, this thesis elicits an objective point of child welfare throughout the review of ground for existence of child welfare law system, the concept of child welfare to discuss of its responsibility, and principle of realization of child welfare as an outline of how child welfare law system should be operated.
Secondly, it conducts comparative legal study on child welfare. It considers contents of 'UN Convention on the Right of the Child' which became a catalyst for recognition of the child as subject of children's rights and comprehension of current situation of implementation in Korea. Also, child welfare legislation, delivery system and current situation of children's rights in United States, United Kingdom, Switzerland, Japan is contemplated herein. These comparative legal study confirms that our child welfare legal system needs improvement in legislation and delivery system in order to combine various government policies and proceed mutual exchanges among each departments.
It shows that it is fundamental to child welfare to build coherent legal and administrative systems and to form unified delivery system and integrated approach method with accurate set-up of appropriate responsibility department. In addition, based on the four basic rights of the child, it seems to be necessary to establish medium or long term policy for guarantee of rights of the general child as well as the child in need of protection and to prepare of legal basis of it.
Thirdly, it finds the improvement direction of normative system focusing on the legislative aspect on children's rights.
National responsibilities and obligations for child welfare can appear in many ways depending on the situation of its child. It figures out features of national responsibility to realize the child welfare in welfare state, via the review of a constitutional principle of Welfare state. Welfare state has to have sustainability in light of the peculiarity that it is a being that makes child grow and develop.
In order to discuss an individual status in the welfare state, contemplation of the rights in perspective of an individual, especially a child, is necessory. In a former study, social fundamental rights and social welfare rights are discussed narrowly from a constitutional point of view, and those effect was only limited to the abstract rights. However, the modern country varies social risks and desires of individuals, demonstrates that the social fundamental rights and social welfare rights should be flexibly construed as the meaning that concrete validity should be considered in the feature of those things, which arranges a basis of guarantee of children's rights. To realize the child welfare law system which ensures the subjectivity of children's rights, child welfare law should consolidate its position as a fundamental law for child welfare.
If the child welfare law fulfills its function and contents as a fundamental law, it would set up a standard for relevant laws, so that it could form a unified configuraion.
Also, child welfare requires substantiation in response to the various needs of the child. As a legislative plan of it, autonomy legislation should be enlarged after taking into account child welfare resources and current situation of children in each regions, and ordinance should be enacted to set up a legal basis and budget for conduct of policies and institutions in accordance with each region's characteristic.
When it comes to the legislation related to child welfare, a concept of the child is defined according to the purpose of implementation of the individual legal provisions, so that obstructs to compose a unified legal system. Thus, to prevent a child from placing in the blind spot, this thesis clarifies protection obligations of country to its children by adjustment of standard of child age and tries to avoid from leaking of werlfare caused by providing duplicate services. This thesis recommends a concept of 'child' as children from the age of 0 to children under the age of 3 are infants, children from the age of 3 to children under the age of 6, preschoolers, are toddlers, children from the age of 6 to children under the age of 13 are children, children from the age of 13 to children under the age of 19 (including any one in the age of 24 or less who is permitted in exceptional cases) are youths, and these are all included in the definition of scope of 'child'.
These substantive improvements of legislative system should be parallel with the procedural improvement of it. Even though the most important thing to achieve this is to set the regulation of right remedies, child welfare law severely lacks it. To relieve violation of child rights, therefore, appropriate laws should be enacted based on administrative dispute system reflecting the special status as a child and state compensation system should be complemented as well.
Lastly, focusing on the practical aspects of enforcement of child welfare, it finds a direction of improvement of delivery system. Social welfare delivery system means organizational scheme that provides services with procurement and distribution of necessary resources to specifically promote and conduct the social welfare services. To ensure child rights to the fullest and deliever it efficiently, child welfare must devise strategies for which organization should be selected for salaries and services to children and their home and how to practice it.
The government which is currently being operated dualistically should be integrated with Ministry of Health-Welfare, which it has to play its role as a control tower and child welfare department within a local governments ought to be settled as a public supplier. In addition, efficient and realistic decentralization of welfare must be attained in consideration of the fact that currently many child welfare-related business are handovered to local entities and carried out there.
In the private feature of child welfare system, it is classified as performing under permission from administrative authority and installing private child welfare facilities.
If welfare is executed under a private consignment agreement signed by private actor and administrative body, private feature has a status as person entrusted public affairs. If former private consignment agreement had been for efficiency, upcoming private consignment agreement in child welfare must pursue a measure that can ensure rights of the child as a demander as much as possible based on the publicity.
If public administration body executes child welfare administration, it would have diposability, and this administrative disposition has a binding or discretional effect upon the welfare benefit or content of service, and it makes responsibility of administrative authorities accompanied by voluntariness or obligation. This thesis identifies characteristic of administrative disposition by patterning of the administrative disposition in child welfare. With these discussions on the public supply system, it also reviews issues on private supplier.
Unlike administrative disposition by public supplier, it reviews issues on service use agreement, focusing on a voucher agreement, between private supplier as a service provider and a child as a service user and pursues to ensure children's rights in relationship between private persons as well.
To ensure children's rights the most efficiently, in addition, emphasizing the importance of case management and monitoring rights it performs legislative debate of them and review of vitalization of foster care and implementation of smart delivery system which is emerging as an important issue in the field of child welfare in recent years.