The purpose of this article was to define the genealogy of reading culture history of people in agricultural & fishery villages through Village Library Campaign which was a part of ‘Reading Campaign for National People’ in 1960’s to 1970’s...

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https://www.riss.kr/link?id=T12905789
서울 : 성균관대학교 일반대학원, 2012
학위논문(석사) -- 성균관대학교 일반대학원 , 국어국문학과 , 2012. 8
2012
한국어
411 판사항(22)
서울
(A) study on reading national movement and village library in 1960's to 1970's
iv, 134 p. : 삽화 ; 30 cm
지도교수: 천정환
부록: 「마을문고용 추천도서목록」
참고문헌: p. 114-119
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다운로드다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)
The purpose of this article was to define the genealogy of reading culture history of people in agricultural & fishery villages through Village Library Campaign which was a part of ‘Reading Campaign for National People’ in 1960’s to 1970’s...
The purpose of this article was to define the genealogy of reading culture history of people in agricultural & fishery villages through Village Library Campaign which was a part of ‘Reading Campaign for National People’ in 1960’s to 1970’s. We can verify political and cultural features of Village Library Campaign through analysis of discussion to monthly『Village Library』 which was a public magazine for Village Library Campaign, recommended books for Village library, and book reports of reading members.
Village Library Campaign was primarily used as a method for homeland modernization discussion with the former President Park’s type and as a course of reverting farmers to modernized national people. Farmers voluntarily participated to Village Library Campaign with the passion of study and the desire to success. However, only small number of youths participated to this campaign and most of them even moved to the city where population increased.
This article has searched the development of Village Library Campaign as a first step. Village Library Campaign in 1960’s is one of spiritual reform movements developed since the liberation and can be regarded as a developmental type of book dissemination campaign. Since the liberation, Ministry of Culture and Education and social institutions have developed this campaign as a part of small library campaign. Then, the armed forces tried to obtain supports of people by implementing spiritual reform movement like rebuilding movement in order to decorate 5.16 coup as a revolution. In rebuilding movement, book dissemination campaign was selected as one of various projects and public libraries were spread to agricultural villages and on-sites. With the emergence of the Third Republic, spiritual reform movement of rebuilding movement was reorganized starting from the Ministry of Culture and Education. Village Library Campaign was started by the individual, Dae-seop Eom but has been grown as a core role of ‘Reading Campaign for National People’ under the support of Ministry of Culture and Education.
Village Library Campaign was not a campaign started with simple purpose to make residents at agricultural villages to read books. Village Library Campaign appealed the participation of farmers connected with political discussion at that time. The government induced the participation of farmers for the goals of Modernization and economic development of Korea. ‘Poverty’ and ‘ignorance’, the emphasis on backwardness was for driving modernization and also emphasized the necessity of achieving modernization by defining Korean society as shortfall form. In addition, the government emphasized the appropriateness of policy, economy as top priority using discussions of ‘victory to communism’ and ‘anti-city’.
However, Village Library Campaign is important in which it was the case that the desire of farmers to the success was exposed. The government and desire of farmers were encountered each other. Farmer representation which was successful to be exposed through the press was a direct cause to make farmers to participate to Village Library Campaign and Saemaeul Movement. Youths in agricultural villages used public library with an eager desire to the learning. They also used Village library with a desire to the success. Village Library Campaign is a result combining discussion to farmers’ success with reading.
Village Library Campaign is a movement to name agricultural residents as national people. Government’s plan to make farmers to be national people can be verified in which Village Library Campaign was an educational institution over whole agricultural culture lives and a trial to develop farmers as reading population with re-education.
However, internal norms of farmers who read via Village Library Campaign were indicated in various ways. There were reading members who proactively participated to agricultural modernization plan by internalizing and implementing instructing idea of Village Library Campaign while there were members who accepted Village Library Campaign selectively only in the level of culture and discipline. In addition, there were members who read books as an individual hobby regardless of Village Library Campaign. Village Library Campaign was accepted to farmers in very different and individual way regardless of intentions of government and leaders in Village library.
이 논문은 1960~70년대 '국민개독운동(國民皆讀運動)'의 한 축을 담당했던 마을문고운동을 통해, 농·어촌 주민들의 독서문화사의 계보를 규명하려 하였다. 마을문고운동의 기관지인 월간『마...
이 논문은 1960~70년대 '국민개독운동(國民皆讀運動)'의 한 축을 담당했던 마을문고운동을 통해, 농·어촌 주민들의 독서문화사의 계보를 규명하려 하였다. 마을문고운동의 기관지인 월간『마을문고』의 담론과 마을문고용 추천도서, 독서회원의 독후감 등의 분석을 통해 마을문고운동의 정치·문화적 성격을 확인할 수 있었다.
마을문고운동은 박정희 식 조국 근대화 담론의 장으로 활용되었으며, 농민을 근대화 된 국민으로 환원시키는 과정이었다. 농민들은 향학열과 성공에 대한 욕망으로 마을문고운동에 자발적으로 참여하였다. 그러나 참여 인구는 극소수로 청년 계층에 한정되어 있었으며, 그마저도 증가하는 도시 이주자로 편입되고 만다.
본고는 일차적으로 마을문고운동의 전개과정을 살펴보았다. 1960년대 마을문고운동은 해방이후 전개 된 정신개혁운동의 하나로 문고보급운동의 발전적 형태라 볼 수 있다. 해방이후 문교부와 사회 각처에서는 소도서관운동의 일환으로 문고보급운동을 전개하게 된다. 이후 등장한 군부세력은 5.16 쿠테타를 혁명으로 포장하기 위해 재건국민운동과 같은 정신개혁운동을 실시해 국민의 지지를 얻으려 하였다. 재건국민운동은 문고보급운동을 사업의 하나로 채택해 국민문고를 농촌과 일선고지에 보급하기에 이른다. 제 3공화국 등장과 함께 재건국민운동의 정신개혁운동은 문교부를 중심으로 재편성된다. 마을문고운동은 엄대섭 개인에 의해 시작된 운동이었지만, 문교부의 지원 속에 국민개독운동의 중심축으로 성장해 나가게 된다.
마을문고운동은 단순히 농촌주민에게 책을 읽히자는 목적에서 출발한 운동이 아니었다. 마을문고운동은 당대 정치담론과 연동되어 농민의 참여를 호소했다. 정부는 조국 근대화와 경제개발이라는 목표를 위해 농민의 참여를 유도한 것이다. '가난'과 '무지' 등 후진성의 강조는 근대화를 추동시키기 위한 것으로, 한국 사회를 미달태로 정의하여 근대화 달성의 필요성을 역으로 강조하는 것이기도 했다. 또한 정부는 '승공'과 '반도시' 담론을 활용해 경제제일주의의 당위성을 내세우기도 하였다.
그러나 마을문고운동은 농민들의 성공에 대한 욕망이 분출된 사례였다는 점에서 중요하다. 정부와 농민의 욕망으로 서로 조우하고 있었다. 언론을 통해 노출되는 성공한 농민 표상은 마을문고운동과 새마을운동에 농민들이 가담하는 직접적인 이유이기도 했다. 농촌 청년들은 배움에 대한 갈망으로 마을문고를 이용했다. 또한 출세에 대한 열망으로 마을문고를 이용하기도 했다. 마을문고운동은 농민성공담론과 독서가 결합된 결과물이었다.
마을문고운동은 구체적으로 농촌 주민을 국민으로 호명하려한 운동이었다. 마을문고운동은 농촌 문화생활 전반의 교육기관이었으며, 농민을 재교육 된 독서인구로 개발하려는 시도였다는 점에서 정부의 국민화 계획을 확인할 수 있다.
그러나 마을문고운동을 통해 독서를 한 농민들의 내적규범은 다양하게 나타났다. 마을문고운동의 지도 이념을 내재화하고 성실히 수행하여 농촌 근대화 계획에 적극적으로 참여하는 독서회원이 있는가 하면, 마을문고운동을 교양과 수양의 차원에서만 선택적으로 수용하는 회원이 있었다. 또한 마을문고운동과는 별개로 개인의 취미로 독서를 하는 회원이 있기도 하였다. 마을문고운동은 정부와 마을문고 지도부의 의도와 별개로 농민 개개인의 따라 다르게 수용된 것이다.
목차 (Table of Contents)