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    산업안전보건법상 근로자의 법적 지위

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    https://www.riss.kr/link?id=T12707397

    • 저자
    • 발행사항

      서울 : 고려대학교 대학원, 2012

    • 학위논문사항

      학위논문(박사) -- 고려대학교 대학원 , 법학과 , 2012. 2

    • 발행연도

      2012

    • 작성언어

      한국어

    • 주제어
    • 발행국(도시)

      서울

    • 기타서명

      Employees' rights and duties of occupational safety and health in Germany, the United States, Japan, and Korea : a comparative law approach

    • 형태사항

      viii, 293 p. ; 26 cm

    • 일반주기명

      지도교수: 박종희
      참고문헌: p. 281-290

    • DOI식별코드
    • 소장기관
      • 고려대학교 도서관 소장기관정보
      • 고려대학교 세종학술정보원 소장기관정보
      • 국립중앙도서관 국립중앙도서관 우편복사 서비스
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    다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract) kakao i 다국어 번역

    Employees’ Rights and Duties of Occupational Safety and Health in Germany, the United States, Japan, and Korea: A Comparative Law Approach

    Employees’ rights of occupational safety and health can be classified into three distinct domains.
    As a direct legislative measure, first, occupational safety and health law provides employees with participation rights, including rights to participate in the joint decision-making process regarding safety and health issues in the workplace. Second, employees may enjoy rights of occupational safety and health indirectly through the medium of private law. For example, employers’ duties on occupational safety and health become the content of employment contracts and employees’ rights are protected indirectly by private law such as the right to know. Finally, employees’ rights of occupational safety and health are given in the process of regulating employers who violate duties on private law such as the duty of reasonable care of safety. In this case, employees may have the right to claim compensation for damages, demand injunctions, or refuse hazardous work. The purpose of this thesis is to examine how Germany, the United States, and Japan regulate occupational safety and health and how they differ from each other from a comparative law perspective.
    In Germany, works councils – organizations representing workers in the workplace – have the right to make a joint decision with employers on occupational safety and health issues in the workplace. Through these councils, employees can actively participate in various activities that would prevent industrial accidents. The right to know is granted directly to individual employees and indirectly through works councils. Occupational safety and health regulations, if they become the content of employment contracts, materialize employers’ duty of reasonable care of safety. If employers violate the duty of reasonable care of safety, employees may have a right to claim damages, to demand injunctive relief, and to refuse hazardous work.
    In the United States, OSH Act as public law creates a number of legislative rights for employees so that they may participate in the inspection and enforcement processes. Yet, employees neither have the right to claim reasonable care of safety and health nor take a legal action against employers to enforce occupational safety and health regulations. However, employees can seek an injunctive relief from state courts with reference to common law regarding employers’ duty of reasonable care of safety. They also claim compensation for damages under certain conditions. Employees’ right to know is not only a passive right created by imposed obligations on employers, but also an active one granted directly to employees by the law. OSH Act provides employees with the right to refuse hazardous work. In addition, it grants employees a wide range of protections against employers’ adverse treatments due to their exercise of statutory rights such as complaints.
    According to the dominant legal theory and case law in Japan, the enforcement of occupational safety and health law is mediated through private law when employers violate the duty of reasonable care of safety on employment contracts. Both theory and case law in Japan agree on the point that employees may claim compensation for damages when employers violate duty of reasonable care of safety. Right to refuse hazardous work is generally accepted. However, there are competing perspectives on whether employees can exercise right for injunctions. Japan’s occupational safety and health law guarantees employees’ right to complain, to participate in safety committees, and to attend hearing on the proposed safety and health plan. Japan’s law grants further rights on private law, such as right to be notified and educated as part of the right to know. Despite these rights, Japan has a relatively weak legislature in respect of employees’ right to participate in the decision making or enforcement process compared to Germany and the United States.
    The effectiveness of the prevention of industrial accidents requires the role of not only employers but also employees. Nations above all have regulated duties in the positive law recognizing the importance of the role of employees in preventing industrial accidents even though the rules are different by countries. The duty of employees are roughly divided into two parts: one is a formal duty which is responding to the action of employers and the other is an independent duty which is not related to the employers. Except in the United State, in Germany, Japan and Korea, the duty of employees is stipulated not only as the duty by the positive law but also as the duty by the contracts.
    Korea has relatively weak legislature in terms of rights of occupational safety and health. Furthermore, employee’s duties don’t include the view about aggressive role of employees. It is needed to redesign the occupational safety and health law so that employees can participate in activities to prevent industrial accidents aggressively.
    번역하기

    Employees’ Rights and Duties of Occupational Safety and Health in Germany, the United States, Japan, and Korea: A Comparative Law Approach Employees’ rights of occupational safety and health can be classified into three distinct domains. As ...

    Employees’ Rights and Duties of Occupational Safety and Health in Germany, the United States, Japan, and Korea: A Comparative Law Approach

    Employees’ rights of occupational safety and health can be classified into three distinct domains.
    As a direct legislative measure, first, occupational safety and health law provides employees with participation rights, including rights to participate in the joint decision-making process regarding safety and health issues in the workplace. Second, employees may enjoy rights of occupational safety and health indirectly through the medium of private law. For example, employers’ duties on occupational safety and health become the content of employment contracts and employees’ rights are protected indirectly by private law such as the right to know. Finally, employees’ rights of occupational safety and health are given in the process of regulating employers who violate duties on private law such as the duty of reasonable care of safety. In this case, employees may have the right to claim compensation for damages, demand injunctions, or refuse hazardous work. The purpose of this thesis is to examine how Germany, the United States, and Japan regulate occupational safety and health and how they differ from each other from a comparative law perspective.
    In Germany, works councils – organizations representing workers in the workplace – have the right to make a joint decision with employers on occupational safety and health issues in the workplace. Through these councils, employees can actively participate in various activities that would prevent industrial accidents. The right to know is granted directly to individual employees and indirectly through works councils. Occupational safety and health regulations, if they become the content of employment contracts, materialize employers’ duty of reasonable care of safety. If employers violate the duty of reasonable care of safety, employees may have a right to claim damages, to demand injunctive relief, and to refuse hazardous work.
    In the United States, OSH Act as public law creates a number of legislative rights for employees so that they may participate in the inspection and enforcement processes. Yet, employees neither have the right to claim reasonable care of safety and health nor take a legal action against employers to enforce occupational safety and health regulations. However, employees can seek an injunctive relief from state courts with reference to common law regarding employers’ duty of reasonable care of safety. They also claim compensation for damages under certain conditions. Employees’ right to know is not only a passive right created by imposed obligations on employers, but also an active one granted directly to employees by the law. OSH Act provides employees with the right to refuse hazardous work. In addition, it grants employees a wide range of protections against employers’ adverse treatments due to their exercise of statutory rights such as complaints.
    According to the dominant legal theory and case law in Japan, the enforcement of occupational safety and health law is mediated through private law when employers violate the duty of reasonable care of safety on employment contracts. Both theory and case law in Japan agree on the point that employees may claim compensation for damages when employers violate duty of reasonable care of safety. Right to refuse hazardous work is generally accepted. However, there are competing perspectives on whether employees can exercise right for injunctions. Japan’s occupational safety and health law guarantees employees’ right to complain, to participate in safety committees, and to attend hearing on the proposed safety and health plan. Japan’s law grants further rights on private law, such as right to be notified and educated as part of the right to know. Despite these rights, Japan has a relatively weak legislature in respect of employees’ right to participate in the decision making or enforcement process compared to Germany and the United States.
    The effectiveness of the prevention of industrial accidents requires the role of not only employers but also employees. Nations above all have regulated duties in the positive law recognizing the importance of the role of employees in preventing industrial accidents even though the rules are different by countries. The duty of employees are roughly divided into two parts: one is a formal duty which is responding to the action of employers and the other is an independent duty which is not related to the employers. Except in the United State, in Germany, Japan and Korea, the duty of employees is stipulated not only as the duty by the positive law but also as the duty by the contracts.
    Korea has relatively weak legislature in terms of rights of occupational safety and health. Furthermore, employee’s duties don’t include the view about aggressive role of employees. It is needed to redesign the occupational safety and health law so that employees can participate in activities to prevent industrial accidents aggressively.

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    목차 (Table of Contents)

    • 제1장 서 론
    • 제1절 연구의 배경 1
    • 제2절 연구의 대상과 방법 5
    • Ⅰ. 연구의 대상 5
    • Ⅱ. 연구의 방법 8
    • 제1장 서 론
    • 제1절 연구의 배경 1
    • 제2절 연구의 대상과 방법 5
    • Ⅰ. 연구의 대상 5
    • Ⅱ. 연구의 방법 8
    • 제2장 근로자의 근로환경권과 산업안전보건 체계
    • 제1절 우리나라에서의 근로자의 근로환경권과 산업안전보건 체계 10
    • Ⅰ. 근로자의 근로환경권의 헌법적 기초 10
    • 1. 서 설 10
    • 2. 근로의 권리의 새로운 구성 12
    • 3. 근로조건기준 법정주의와 국가의 기본권 보호의무 15
    • 4. 생명권 및 건강권 16
    • 5. 재해예방을 위한 국가의 과제 19
    • Ⅱ. 안전보건에 관한 근로자의 권리․의무의 법적 근거 20
    • 1. 문제의 소재 20
    • 2. 공법(산안법)상 근로자의 권리 21
    • 가. 우리나라 산안법 체계의 개관 21
    • 나. 산안법의 법적 성격: 사법적(私法的) 효력의 유무 25
    • 다. 공법상의 권리 27
    • 3. 사법상 근로자의 권리: 사용자의 안전배려의무의 이론 구성 35
    • 가. 안전배려의무의 개념과 근거 35
    • 나. 안전배려의무의 성질 및 내용 35
    • 다. 안전배려의무 위반의 효과 39
    • 4. 산안법상 권리와 사법상 권리의 관계 45
    • 5. 근로자의 의무 46
    • 가. 서 론 46
    • 나. 산안법상 근로자의 의무 48
    • 다. 근로계약상의 근로자의 주의의무 50
    • 라. 사용자 의무와 근로자 의무의 차이 54
    • 마. 근로자 의무위반의 효과 54
    • 제2절 산업안전보건 체계에 관한 비교법적 검토 55
    • Ⅰ. 각국의 산안법 체계 개관 55
    • 1. 독 일 55
    • 가. 법령의 전체적 구조 56
    • 나. 일반적으로 인정된 기술규정 61
    • 다. 기술․의학․위생규준 61
    • 라. 확립된 노동과학상의 인식 62
    • 2. 미 국 62
    • 가. 법령의 전체적 구조 62
    • 나. 일반적 의무조항 64
    • 다. 산업안전보건기준 65
    • 라. 민간규격의 기준 준용 66
    • 3. 일 본 67
    • 가. 법령의 전체적 구조 67
    • 나. 노안위법의 특징 70
    • Ⅱ. 산안법상 근로자의 법적 지위 개관 72
    • 1. 독 일 72
    • 가. 근로자 권리의 이중적 효력 72
    • 나. 사업장의 안전보건에 관한 일반적 권리 78
    • 다. 근로자의 의무 79
    • 2. 미 국 82
    • 가. 근로자의 권리 82
    • 나. 근로자의 의무 84
    • 3. 일 본 86
    • 가. 근로자의 권리 86
    • 나. 근로자의 의무 91
    • 제3절 근로환경권 보장의 효과 97
    • Ⅰ. 산재예방활동의 실효성 및 효율성 제고 97
    • Ⅱ. 근로자의 산재예방 동기유발 및 안전의식 제고 98
    • Ⅲ. 사용자의 산재예방활동 감시 98
    • Ⅳ. 근로자의 인간성 회복 99
    • 제3장 산업안전보건법상 근로자의 권리
    • 제1절 공법상의 권리 101
    • Ⅰ. 직접적인 공법상의 권리 101
    • 1. 관여권 101
    • 가. 독 일 101
    • 나. 미 국 114
    • 다. 일 본 120
    • 2. 신고권 122
    • 가. 독 일 123
    • 나. 미 국 126
    • 다. 일 본 130
    • Ⅱ. 간접적인 공법상의 권리: 알 권리 133
    • 1. 독 일 133
    • 가. 직접적 유해위험정보권 134
    • 나. 간접적 유해위험정보권 142
    • 2. 미 국 147
    • 가. OSH-Act에 근거한 유해위험정보권 147
    • 나. NLRA에 근거한 유해위험정보권 164
    • 다. 보통법상의 유해위험정보권 166
    • 3. 일 본 166
    • 가. 안전보건정보의 제공 167
    • 나. 안전보건교육 172
    • Ⅲ. 소 결 175
    • 제2절 사법상의 권리 178
    • Ⅰ. 이행청구권 178
    • 1. 독 일 178
    • 가. 학 설 178
    • 나. 판 례 180
    • 2. 미 국 181
    • 3. 일 본 184
    • 가. 학 설 184
    • 나. 판 례 188
    • Ⅱ. 작업거절권 190
    • 1. 독 일 191
    • 가. 채권법상의 작업거절권 191
    • 나. 작업이탈권(Entfernungsrecht) 193
    • 2. 미 국 194
    • 가. 연방법 194
    • 나. 주법(州法) 200
    • 다. 보통법 200
    • 3. 일 본 201
    • 가. 노안위법상의 작업장 대피권 201
    • 나. 채권법상의 작업거절권 202
    • 다. 작업거절권의 기타 근거 203
    • 라. 작업거절권의 법적 효과 204
    • Ⅲ. 손해배상청구권 205
    • 1. 독 일 205
    • 2. 미 국 207
    • 3. 일 본 209
    • Ⅳ. 소 결 210
    • 제4장 산업안전보건법상 근로자의 의무
    • 제1절 총 설 212
    • Ⅰ. 독 일 212
    • Ⅱ. 미 국 213
    • Ⅲ. 일 본 215
    • Ⅳ. 비교법적 검토를 통한 근로자 의무의 유형 217
    • 제2절 대응적 의무 218
    • Ⅰ. 독 일 218
    • 1. 근로자 자신의 안전에 대한 주의 218
    • 가. 가능성과 한계 218
    • 나. 자기책임(Eigenverantwortung) 219
    • 2. 규정에 적합한 작업장비 사용 220
    • 3. 기 타 220
    • Ⅱ. 미 국 221
    • Ⅲ. 일 본 223
    • 1. 사용자의 안전보건조치에 협력할 의무 223
    • 2. 기왕력, 업무력 등의 조사협조의무 225
    • 3. 건강진단의 수진의무와 의사선택의 자유 225
    • 제3절 독립적 의무 228
    • Ⅰ. 독 일 228
    • 1. 자기위험 회피(Eigengefahrabwendung) 228
    • 2. 동료, 사용자 및 제3자에 대한 배려 228
    • 3. 위험 및 결함에 대한 즉각적인 보고 229
    • 4. 산업의 및 안전관리자 지원 230
    • 5. 기 타 231
    • Ⅱ. 일 본 231
    • 1. 근로제한업무 근로금지 231
    • 2. 직업선택의 자유와 자기건강관리의무 231
    • 3. 건강이상(異常)의 고지의무 233
    • 4. 일상적 자기건강관리의무 234
    • 제4절 근로자의 의무위반에 대한 책임 235
    • Ⅰ. 독 일 235
    • 1. 관할관청의 조치 및 행정행위 235
    • 2. 과태료 및 형법 235
    • 3. 노동법상의 책임 236
    • Ⅱ. 미 국 237
    • Ⅲ. 일 본 239
    • 제5절 소 결 241
    • 제5장 산안법상 근로자의 법적 지위 정립의 방향성
    • 제1절 비교법적 분석 및 시사점 244
    • Ⅰ. 사법상의 권리 인정 여부 244
    • Ⅱ. 근로자의 관여권 246
    • Ⅲ. 신고권 등 248
    • Ⅳ. 알 권리 250
    • Ⅴ. 사용자의 의무위반의 사법적 효과 252
    • 1. 안전배려의무의 법적 성격 252
    • 2. 이행청구권 254
    • 3. 작업거절권 255
    • 4. 손해배상청구권 256
    • Ⅵ. 근로자의 의무 257
    • 제2절 산안법 재구축을 통한 근로자의 법적 지위 정립방안 258
    • Ⅰ. 근로환경권에 입각한 근로자의 법적 권리 재구축 259
    • Ⅱ. 근로자의 관여권의 확대 260
    • Ⅲ. 신고권의 활성화 263
    • Ⅳ. 알 권리의 확대 및 실효성 강화 264
    • Ⅴ. 안전배려의무의 확장을 위한 법리 구성 266
    • Ⅵ. 사전예방조치권의 명확화 268
    • Ⅶ. 근로자 의무의 다양한 구성 273
    • 제6장 결 론
    • 제1절 요 약 276
    • 제2절 정책적 과제 278
    • <참고문헌> 281
    • [Abstract] 291
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