여가스포츠 참가자의 자기결정성, 여가제약 협상, 진지한 여가, 운동지속의 구조적 관계 = (The) structural relationship among Self-determination, leisure constraint negotiation, serious leisure, and exercise adherence of the participants in leisure sports activity

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study empirically examined the causal relationship among
self-determination, leisure constraint negotiation, serious leisure and exercise adherence of the participants in leisure sports activity, which take important parts in club sports' revitalization and participants' active involvement. Conducted in 2011 in the Busan and Kyungnam areas, this research selected 705 people, who had participated in leisure sports including swimming, fitness, badminton, baseball, bowling, golf, squash, soccer and marine sports, by utilizing convenience sampling method among non-probability sampling techniques. This paper employed SPSS Ver. 18.0 Window Program for hypothesis testing and exploratory factor analysis and cronbach’s α for the questionnaire's validity and reliability. Also, this thesis utilized Multi group analysis and latent mean analysis in AMOS version 19.0 program to examine the differences among
self-determination, leisure constraint negotiation, serious leisure and exercise adherence of the participants in leisure sports activity, which based on their demographical and participation characteristics. To test the causal relationship among factors, this study employed confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation model, thus yielded the following results:

1) Difference in self-determination, leisure constraint negotiation, serious leisure and exercise adherence of the participants in leisure sports activity

First, according to participants' genders, there existed statistical differences among self-determination, leisure constraint negotiation, serious leisure and exercise adherence of the participants in leisure sports activity. To illustrate, men indicated higher competence and relatedness in self-determination and put more efforts in changing interpersonal relations, improving finance and time management than women. Also, male participants showed more perseverance, professionality, efforts, internal rewards, identification, unique ethos in serious leisure and better exercise abilities, exercise habits, exercise interests, exercise partners in exercise adherence of the participants in leisure sports activity than female participants.
Second, according to the frequency of participation, there existed statistical differences among self-determination, leisure constraint negotiation, serious leisure and exercise adherence of the participants in leisure sports activity. To be specific, participants with high frequency of participation represented higher competence and relatedness in self-determination and put more efforts in controlling intensity of an activity, skills acquisition, charging energy and changing leisure aspiration in leisure constraint negotiation than those with low frequency of participation. Besides, participants with high frequency of participation suggested more perseverance, professionality, efforts, internal rewards, identification in serious leisure and better exercise habits, exercise environments, exercise interests, exercise partners in exercise adherence than those with low frequency of participation.
Third, according to intensity of participation, there existed statistical differences among self-determination, leisure constraint negotiation, serious leisure and exercise adherence of the participants in leisure sports activity. More specifically, participants with high intensity of participation demonstrated higher autonomy, competence and relatedness in self-determination and put more efforts in changing interpersonal relations, improving finance and time management, controlling intensity of an activity, skills acquisition, charging energy and changing leisure aspiration in leisure constraint negotiation than those with low intensity of participation. In addition, participants with high intensity of participation displayed more perseverance, professionality, efforts, internal rewards, identification and unique ethos in serious leisure and showed better exercise abilities, exercise habits, exercise environments, exercise interests, exercise partners in exercise adherence than those with low intensity of participation.
Forth, according to participants' career in leisure sports, there existed statistical differences among self-determination, leisure constraint negotiation, serious leisure and exercise adherence of the participants in leisure sports activity. To illustrate, participants with more participants' career in leisure sports exhibited higher autonomy, competence and relatedness in self-determination and put more efforts in improving finance and time management, controlling intensity of an activity, skills acquisition, charging energy and changing leisure aspiration in leisure constraint negotiation than those with less participants' career in leisure sports. Also, participants with more participants' career in leisure sports showed more perseverance, professionality, efforts, identification and unique ethos in serious leisure and better exercise abilities, exercise habits, exercise environments, exercise interests, exercise partners in exercise adherence than those with less participants' career in leisure sports.

2) The structural relationship among self-determination, leisure constraint negotiation, serious leisure and exercise adherence of the participants in leisure sports activity

First, participants' autonomy, competence and relatedness in
self-determination had a positive effect on
leisure constraint negotiation in leisure sports activity.
Second, participants' autonomy, competence and relatedness in self-determination had a positive effect on participants' serious leisure in leisure sports activity.
Third, participants' autonomy in self-determination had a positive effect on exercise adherence in leisure sports activity, but it was not affected by competence and relatedness in self-determination.
Forth, participants' leisure constraint negotiation had a positive effect on serious leisure in leisure sports activity.
Fifth, participants' serious leisure had a positive effect on exercise adherence in leisure sports activity.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서 론 1
• 1. 연구의 필요성 및 목적 1
• 2. 연구가설 6
• 3. 연구의 제한점 8
• 4. 용어의 정의 8
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 12
• 1. 여가스포츠 12
• 2. 자기결정성 17
• 3. 여가제약 협상 35
• 4. 진지한 여가 44
• 5. 운동지속 49
• 6. 연구모형의 설정 53
• Ⅲ. 연구 방법 56
• 1. 연구대상 56
• 2. 조사도구 58
• 3. 자료분석 68
• Ⅳ. 각 변인별 측정항목 검토 및 특성 71
• 1. 자기결정성 측정항목 검토 및 특성 71
• 2. 여가제약 협상 측정항목 검토 및 특성 72
• 3. 진지한 여가 측정항목 검토 및 특성 74
• 4. 운동지속 측정항목 검토 및 특성 76
• Ⅴ. 연구 결과 77
• 1. 자기결정성, 여가제약 협상, 진지한 여가, 운동지속의 차이 77
• 2. 자기결정성, 여가제약 협상, 진지한 여가, 운동지속의 구조적 관계 97
• Ⅵ. 논의 146
• 1. 자기결정성, 여가제약 협상, 진지한 여가, 운동지속의 차이 146
• 2. 자기결정성, 여가제약 협상, 진지한 여가, 운동지속의 구조적 관계 158
• Ⅶ. 결론 및 제언 170
• 1. 결론 170
• 2. 제언 173
• 참고문헌 175
• 부 록 195
• Abstract 201