다문화가정 부부관계 향상을 위한 프로그램 개발 = Designing a program to enhance the conjugal relationship in multicultural families

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Since the number of the multicultural families is increasing these days, there are also some issues following this phenomenon. Among the issues, the cases of divorce due to the lack of understanding, is gradually increasing.
This study is aimed at coming up with the solution for the multicultural family issues. That is, designing a program under the framework of Gottman's conjugal relationship program. The objectives of program is the enhancement of self-esteem, communication and conjugal adaptability requiring the conjugal participation
The participants of this program are 5 pairs as experimental groups and 5 pairs as control groups. All of the groups are pairs of Korean male and Pilipino female living in Yeosu city. The program was conducted as a short-term program of six times (100 minutes foe each time) for 6 weeks, and both quantitative/qualitative analyses were conducted in order to evaluate the achievement of conjugal relationship enhancement.
The result of this study is as follows.
First, on the enhancement of self-esteem, the experimental group showed more improvement by the margin of 2.42, by the gender of participants, husbands showed more improvement than their wives by 1.21 margins. According to the personal interviews after the program, the participants showed more self-confidence and satisfaction, and receptive attitude based on their realization that positive support is the key to enhancement of conjugal relationship and self-esteem of their spouses. Second, the experimental group showed more improvement on the overall communication by 5.40 margins according to the analysis of the improvement of communication through the program. The most improved factors were criticism (2.04 points), scorn (2.08 points), self-defense (2.13 points), indifference (4.55 points) and the husband group showed more efficiency on overall communication, criticism, scorn, indifference whereas the wife group was more improved on the self-defense. At the same time, the group of couples who have been in marriage for more than 10 years got better on the overall communication, defense and indifference factors while the couples less than 10 years of their marriage. The interview tells us that the program helped them to find the cause of the communication problems within themselves and it made them to talk more to each other and it eventually lead to the enhancement of communication.
Third, according to the analysis on the improvement of conjugal adjustment, the experimental groups were more effective than the controlled groups on the overall factors of conjugal adjustment, and the factors were the level of consensus (2.21 points), conjugal cohesion (1.62 points), satisfaction in marriage (1.25 points) and the expression level of the affection (2.35 points). The husband group was more improved than wife group, and on the age level, the group of less than 10-year-maggiage showed more effectiveness on the conjugal adjustment, level of consensus and the expression level of affection while the group of more than 10-year-marriage became more improved on factors such as conjugal cohesion and the satisfaction in marriage. The interview showed their improved conjugal adjustment since they realized the importance of time to get together and physical contact and it automatically lead to increased expression.
Fourth, the participants told that they felt they got happier in their marriage, they found the time to get together and talk to each other increased. Also, they found more leeway to look back on what they did, expressed their affection more frequently and told that the program was a great opportunity to understand the cultural difference. Before the program, the participants were rather quiet since they were speechless, but during the interview after the program, they showed the willingness to express and satisfaction.
Fifth, the self-assessment through the questionnaire on the satisfaction level told us the participants showed very high level of satisfaction (M = 4.75) on the overall program, their active participation to the program, and their impression of the program as being helpful. Plus, more than 90% of the participants hoped this program to be consistent. Therefore we can conclude the program in this study enhanced the participants' inner-satisfaction.
As it shows, this program was proven to be effective on enhancing the self-esteem, communication, conjugal adjustment of multicultural couples. In this respect, this study can be utilized as a practical instrument for the members of multicultural couples to build up the affection and trust on the basis of mutual understand and consideration and through this study, the members will recognize the difficulties of their spouses and try to find the solution together.
The suggestions through this study are as follows.
First, the participants were, 5 pairs as experimental groups and 5 pairs as control groups. As it shows, the location and side of groups were limited and we need to apply this program to the larger group of people.
Second, the study was carried on by 6 times of short programs. Considering the huge language/culture gaps in multicultural families, we need to establish a long-term program as well. Therefore, we need to carry on a long term program in follow-up study.
Third, we need to acknowledge the difficulty when dealing with the participants with low Korean proficiency. For this reason, we would need to provide a follow-up study in which the program appeals to the personal needs and characters utilizing certain features of art, music, expressional arts demanding less of the participants' Korean proficiency.
Fourth, this study required mutual participation of each member of multicultural couples particularly consisted of Korean husbands and Pilipino wives. However, we need keep in mind that the portion of Chinese, Vietnamese, Pilipino females is 82.9% of entire migrant women, and design a program

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 1. 서 론 1
• 1.1 연구의 필요성 1
• 1.2 연구내용 3
• 1.3 연구의 범위 3
• 2. 이론적 배경 5
• 2.1 다문화가정 5
• 2.2 부부관계 향상 9
• 2.3 Gottman의 부부 프로그램 16
• 2.4 선행연구 고찰 21
• 3. 프로그램 구성 28
• 3.1 프로그램 개발 과정 28
• 3.2 프로그램 실행 34
• 4. 연구방법 38
• 4.1 연구설계 38
• 4.2 연구도구 42
• 4.3 자료 분석 및 방법 47
• 5. 연구결과와 논의 50
• 5.1 연구결과 50
• 5.2 논의 80
• 6. 요약, 결론 및 제언 84
• 6.1 요약 84
• 6.2 결론 및 제언 86
• 참고문헌 89
• ABSTRACT 101
• 부록 106