CEO의 변혁적 리더십과 조직혁신성 및 조직성과와의 관계 : TMT의 변화몰입의 매개효과를 중심으로

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Today, the environment that companies are facing has been rapidly changing, making them unable to deal with those upheavals only with past management methods and structures. Furthermore, competitions between companies are getting fierce with the globalization of today’s market. We have learned from many previous cases that the stronghold top companies have enjoyed with their competitive advantages for many years could be destroyed in one day. Considering those circumstances, the role of CEOs has come to the fore as they are the ones who are responsible for pursuing sustainable development of their own company by boosting its competitiveness and maximizing its production efficiency.
While the role of CEOs has become more and more crucial, studies regarding the CEO leadership so far have left much to be desired. Although the issue of leadership has been dealt by many researchers, it has been commonly focused on team managers or middle managers rather than top management teams(TMTs). It is typically true that domestic studies on leadership significantly lack empirical approaches, and studies analyzing performances at company level have seldom done. Compared with that of the middle management, the leadership of top management enormously influence the performance of its organization through selecting effective strategies and leading organizational changes. CEOs exert their influence in a very wide part of the overall organization and take care of all aspects the organization faces inside as well as outside. In this regard, the interrelation between the CEO leadership, change commitment of TMTs in organizational changes, organizational innovation and performances is hugely important in today’s management environment.
This study, thus, first examined such concepts as the CEO leadership, TMTs’ commitment to change, organizational innovation and performances. Then, it empirically identified the relationship between them.
This study combined literature reviews with empirical researches to achieve its purposes. Research models and hypothesis have been set through examining existing literatures, and surveys questionnaires have been accordingly prepared, which have been distributed to 200 companies. The questionnaires have been designed for 1 CEO, 3 TMTs, 3 employees in a company to answer, and 64 questionnaires have been identified as valid and finally analyzed.
The results of this study can be summarized as follows; First, the CEO transformational leadership had positive(+) effects on TMTs’ commitment to change. Second, TMTs’ commitment to change had positive(+) effects on organizational performances. Third, the positive(+) effects of CEO transformational leadership on innovativeness and organizational performances were mediated by TMTs’ involvement in changes. Finally, among the hypothesis of this study, the effect of organizational innovation on organizational performances obtained statistically insignificant results, which might have occurred due to the scale of analysis with a limited sample size as it is very hard to obtain enough samples in such a study that deals with organizational level. There should be, therefore, further needs for extended studies that can clarify the relations between cause and effect of organizational performances.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

오늘날 기업들이 직면한 환경은 과거의 경영방식과 관리구조를 가지고는 대응할 수 없을 정도로 급변하고 있다. 또한 시장의 글로벌화 속에서 각자 더욱 치열한 경쟁을 맞이하고 있다. 이런 변화에 효과적으로 대응하지 못한다면 오랫동안 경쟁우위를 차지하고 있던 기업들조차 한순간에 그 아성이 무너질 수 있다는 사실은 많은 사례를 통해 교훈을 얻을 수 있다. 기업의 경쟁력을 제고 하고, 생산의 효율성을 극대화시켜서 지속적으로 기업을 생존, 발전시켜야 하는 책임은 최고경영자(CEO)에게 있기 때문에 그 역할이 매우 중요하게 대두되고 있다.
이러한 CEO의 중차대한 역할에 비교하여 지금까지의 CEO 리더십에 관한 연구는 미흡했다고 볼 수 있다. 리더십은 최근까지 많은 학자들에 의해 연구되어지고 있지만, 지금까지 리더십 연구의 공통점은 최고경영층 보다는 팀장 또는 중간관리자에게 집중되어 왔다. 특히 국내의 리더십 연구에서 CEO에 관한 실증적 연구가 매우 부족하고, 기업차원에서 성과를 분석하는 연구는 거의 이루어지고 있지 않은 실정이다. 중간관리자의 리더십보다는 최고경영자의 리더십이 효과적인 전략을 선택하고 기업의 변화를 주도하면서 결국 조직성과에 대해 지대한 영향을 미치게 된다. CEO는 기업전반의 광범위한 부분에서 그 영향력을 행사하며, 외부 및 내부의 기업이 당면하고 있는 모든 요인에 전략적 관심을 가지고 있다. 최근의 경영환경 속에서 CEO의 리더십과 TMT의 변화에 대한 몰입, 조직혁신성 그리고 조직성과 간의 관계는 매우 중요한 의미를 가진다고 볼 수 있다.
따라서 본 연구에서는 CEO 리더십과 TMT의 변화에 대한 몰입, 조직혁신성과 조직성과의 연계성에 관해서 살펴보고 이러한 개념들 간의 관계를 실증적으로 규명하고자 한다.
이러한 연구목적을 달성하기 위하여 본 연구는 문헌연구와 실증연구를 병행하였다. 기존 문헌연구를 통해 연구모형과 연구가설 들이 설정되었으며 이를 바탕으로 하여 설문지가 작성되었다. 설문지는 200개의 기업들에게 배포되었으며 각 기업마다 1명의 CEO와 3명의 TMT, 3명의 직원들이 응답하도록 하여 총 64개 기업의 유효 데이터를 획득하여 분석에 활용되었다.
본 연구에서는 확인적 요인분석을 통하여 타당성 분석이 이루어졌으며 크론바흐 알파값 검증을 통해 신뢰성 분석이 이루어졌다. 또한 연구모형 및 연구가설의 검증에는 회귀분석과 구조방정식모형이 활용되었다. 타당성 분석과 신뢰성 분석결과는 본 연구에서 활용한 실증자료들이 연구에 적합한 것임을 확인시켜 주었으며, 연구모형 검증결과는 가설검증에 활용된 구조방정식모형이 수용 가능한 적합한 모형임을 보여주었다. 본 연구를 통해 얻어진 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다.
첫째, CEO의 변혁적 리더십은 TMT의 변화에 대한 몰입에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, TMT의 변화에 대한 몰입은 조직혁신성과 조직성과에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, CEO의 변혁적 리더십이 조직혁신성과 조직성과에 미치는 정(+)의 영향은 TMT의 변화에 대한 몰입에 의하여 매개되는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 명확하게 판단하기에는 어려운 점이 있으나 본 연구에서 설정한 가설 중 조직혁신성이 조직성과에 미치는 영향이 유의하지 않게 나온 것은 조직차원 연구 특성상 샘플을 획득하는 어려움으로 인해 제한된 수의 샘플로 통계 분석한 결과로 볼 수 있고, 성과에 대한 측정을 원인과 결과의 측면에서 선후 관계를 보다 명확히 하여 종단연구가 필요함을 시사하는 것으로 생각된다.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 제 1장 서 론 1
• 제 1절 문제제기 및 연구목적 1
• 제 2절 연구범위 및 연구방법 4
• 제 3절 논문의 구성 5
• 제 2장 이론적 배경 7
• 제 1절 CEO 리더십 7
• 1. 전략적 차원에서의 CEO 리더십 8
• 2. CEO의 변혁적 리더십 10
• 제 2절 조직 변화 14
• 1. 리더십과 조직 변화 16
• 2. 변화에 대한 몰입 20
• 제 3절 조직혁신성 27
• 제 4절 조직성과 30
• 제 3장 연구 설계 35
• 제 1절 연구모형 35
• 제 2절 연구가설 36
• 1. CEO 리더십과 TMT의 변화에 대한 몰입 36
• 2. TMT의 변화에 대한 몰입과 조직혁신성, 조직성과간의 관계 38
• 3. 조직혁신성과 조직성과 41
• 4. CEO 리더십과 조직혁신성, 조직성과간의 관계에 있어서 TMT 변화몰입의 매개역할 43
• 제 4장 실증연구 방법 49
• 제 1절 기초통계분석 49
• 제 2절 변수의 측정 53
• 1. 변혁적 리더십 53
• 2. TMT의 변화에 대한 몰입 54
• 3. 조직혁신성 54
• 4. 조직성과 55
• 제 3절 설문지 구성 56
• 제 4절 분석방법 57
• 제 5장 실증연구 결과 58
• 제 1절 타당성 및 신뢰성 분석 58
• 1. 타당성 분석 58
• 2. 신뢰성 분석 62
• 제 2절 상관관계 분석 63
• 제 3절 회귀분석을 통한 가설검증 65
• 1. 가설1 검증 65
• 2. 가설2 검증 66
• 3. 가설3 검증 67
• 4. 가설4 검증 68
• 5. 가설5 검증 69
• 6. 가설6 검증 72
• 제 4절 구조방정식모형분석을 통한 가설검증 75
• 1. 측정모형 평가 75
• 2. 가설검증 결과 77
• 제 6장 결 론 79
• 제 1절 연구결과의 요약 79
• 제 2절 연구의 시사점 84
• 제 3절 연구의 한계 및 향후 연구방향 87
• 참고문헌 89
• 설문지 117
• ABSTRACT 127

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