승마 참여자의 라이프스타일과 몰입이 여가정체성과 심리적웰빙에 미치는 영향 = Influence of lifestyle and immersion of horse-riding participants on leisure identity and mental well-being

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study intends to investigate the differences and influences regarding lifestyle, leisure identity, immersion, and mental well-being of horse-riding participants, and develop a plan to expand horse-riding population and continuation of exercises. For this, those from horse-riding clubs and societies in 2010 were taken as the population, 423 users of 130 ridings throughout the country were sampled with biased sampling method and the data of 372 were used in the analysis. As for the surveys used in this study, the questionnaire used in the studies of Jeong-Sil Kim(2007) and Dong-Dal Shin(2008) based on AIO (Activities Interest Opinion) developed by Plummer(1974) was employed as the criterion of lifestyle, and as the measurement tool for exercise immersion, the questionnaire developed by Yong-Gak Chung(2004) based on ESCM(Expansion of Sport Commitment Model) of Scanlan et al(1993) was used. For leisure identity, the study criterion used by Yu-Jin Park(2002) and Sang-Hyung Song(2009) based on the survery items of Callero(1985) and Laverie(1995) was used, and for PWBS (Psychological Well-Being Scale), the one developed by Ryff(1989) and adapted by Myung-So Kim, Hye-Won Kim, and Kyung-Ho Cha(2001) was used.
In data analyses for hypothesis test, statistics program Window SPSS 15.0 was used for exploratory factor analysis, and Cronbach's α method was used for credibility check. Frequency analysis, one-way ANOVA with Duncan as post-test, and multiple regression analysis were executed, and the statistical significance level of this study was set as .05. Through the study results, the following conclusion was drawn.

1) Difference in Lifestyle, Immersion, Leisure Identity, and Mental Wellbeing according to Level of Participation in Horse-Riding

(1) Lifestyle of Horse-Riding Participant according to Level of Participation in Horse-Riding
In the immersion of horse-riding participants according to frequency of participation in horse-riding, those participating everyday were found to be higher than those participating one a week, and in participation time, those participating for over 3 hours were found to be higher than those participating for less than 30 minutes in orientation for appearance management, and in orientation for achievement challenge, those participating for over 30 minutes, over 3 hours were found to be higher than those participating for less than 30 minutes. In the orientation for leisure activities, those participating for 2-3 hours were found to be higher than those participating for less than 30 minutes. In participation period, there was no statistically significant difference in all subordinate factors.

(2) Immersion of Horse-Riding Participants according to Level of Participation in Horse-Riding
In the difference of immersion according to frequency of participation in horse-riding, the recognized immersion was found to be higher in those participating every day, 4-5 times a week, and 2-3 times a week than once a week, and it was the same for behavioral immersion. As for participation time, the recognition immersion was higher in the order of over 3 hours, 2-3 hours, 1-2 hours, 30 minutes-1 hours, and less than 30 minutes, and it was the same for behavioral immersion. As for participation period, 6-11 months and 12-23 months were found to be higher than 1-5 months and over 24 months in recognized immersion; in behavioral immersion, over 24 months was higher than 1-5 months, 6-11 months, and 12-23 months.

(3) Leisure Identity of Horse-Riding Participants according to Level of Participation in Horse-Riding
As the result of analysis of differences in leisure identity of horse-riding participants according to the frequency of participation in horse-riding, the self-esteem was higher in the order of everyday, 2-3 times a week, and once a week. The identification was higher in the order of everyday, 4-5 times a week, 2-3 times a week, and once a week. The emotional attachment was higher in the order of everyday, 4-5 times a week, and once a week. In the difference of leisure identity of horse-riding participants according to participation time, self-esteem was found to be higher in the order of over 3 hours, 2-3 hours, 1-2 hours, 30 minutes-1 hour, and less than 30 minutes, and it was the same for identification and emotional attachment. In the difference of leisure identity of horse-riding participants according to participation period, the self-esteem and identification were higher in the order of over 24 months, 12-23 months, 6-11 months, and 1-5 months. The emotional attachment, however, showed no statistically significant difference.

(4) Mental Well-Being of Horse-Riding Participants according to Level of Participation in Horse-Riding
There was no statistically significant difference in the mental well-being of horse-riding participants according to the frequency/time of participation in horse-riding, and the difference in the mental well-being of horse-riding participants according to the participation period was found to be higher in 1-5 months than 12-23 months and over 24 months.

2) Influence of Lifestyle of Horse-Riding Participants on Leisure Identity

The lifestyle (traditional conservation, achievement challenge, high-tech media, leisure activities) of horse-riding participants was found to have a significant influence on the leisure identity (identification), and the lifestyle (achievement challenge, leisure activities) was found to have a significant influence on the leisure identity (self-esteem). The lifestyle (traditional conservation, achievement challenge) was found to have a significant influence on the leisure identity (emotional attachment).

3) Influence of Lifestyle of Horse-Riding Participants on Mental Well-Being

The lifestyle (traditional conservation, achievement challenge, high-tech media, leisure activities) of horse-riding participants was found to have an influence on mental well-being (personal relations), and lifestyle (achievement challenge) was found to have an influence on mental well-being (self-accepting). The lifestyle (traditional conservation, achievement challenge, high-tech media, leisure activities) was found to have an influence on the mental well-being (personal growth). The lifestyle (traditional conservation, achievement challenge) was found to have an influence on mental well-being (environment domination).

4) Influence of Immersion of Horse-Riding Participants on Leisure Identity

The immersion (recognition, behavior) of horse-riding participants was found to have a significant influence on leisure identity (identification, self-esteem, and emotional attachment).

5) Influence of Immersion of Horse-Riding Participants on Mental Well-Being

The immersion (recognition) of horse-riding participants was found to have a significant influence on mental well-being (personal relations, self-accepting, personal growth, and environment domination).

6) Influence of Leisure Identity of Horse-Riding Participants on Mental Well-Being

The leisure identity (self-esteem) of horse-riding participants was found to have a significant influence on the mental well-being (personal relations), and the leisure identity (self-esteem, emotional attachment) was found to have a significant influence on the mental well-being (self-accepting, personal growth, environment domination).

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서 론 1
• 1. 연구의 필요성 및 목적 1
• 2. 연구문제 7
• 3. 연구가설 8
• 4. 용어의 정의 11
• 5. 연구의 제한점 13
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 14
• 1. 승마 14
• 2. 라이프스타일 19
• 3. 몰입 24
• 4. 여가정체성 26
• 5. 심리적 웰빙 28
• 6. 선행연구의 고찰 33
• Ⅲ. 연구방법 43
• 1. 연구대상 43
• 2. 조사도구 45
• 3. 조사절차 53
• 4. 자료처리방법 54
• Ⅳ. 연구결과 55
• 1. 승마참여 정도에 따른 승마 참여자의 라이프스타일, 몰입, 여가 정체성, 심리적 웰빙의 차이 55
• 2. 승마참여자의 라이프스타일이 여가정체성에 미치는 영향 67
• 3. 승마참여자의 라이프스타일이 심리적 웰빙에 미치는 영향 70
• 4. 승마참여자의 몰입이 여가정체성에 미치는 영향. 74
• 5. 승마참여자의 몰입이 심리적 웰빙에 미치는 영향 77
• 6. 승마참여자의 여가정체성이 심리적 웰빙에 미치는 영향 81
• Ⅴ. 논의 86
• 1. 승마참여 정도에 따른 승마 참여자의 라이프스타일, 몰입, 여가 정체성, 심리적 웰빙의 차이 86
• 2. 승마참여자의 라이프스타일이 여가정체성에 미치는 영향 91
• 3. 승마참여자의 라이프스타일이 심리적 웰빙에 미치는 영향 92
• 4. 승마참여자의 몰입이 여가정체성에 미치는 영향 93
• 5. 승마참여자의 몰입이 심리적 웰빙에 미치는 영향 95
• 6. 승마참여자의 여가정체성이 심리적 웰빙에 미치는 영향 97
• Ⅵ. 결론 및 제언 100
• 1. 결론 102
• 2. 제언 104
• 참고문헌 106
• 부 록 119
• ABSTRACT 126