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    영업비밀의 형사적 보호에 관한 연구 = A Study on the Protection of Trade Secrets through Criminal Laws

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    https://www.riss.kr/link?id=T11722001

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    다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract) kakao i 다국어 번역

    Possession of valuable trade secrets, especially those information on industrial technology, determine the fate of an enterprise in today's information-oriented society. The number of cases regarding misappropriation or unauthorized use of industrial technology - trade secrets a company creates through expensive R&D process - is rapidly increasing, especially in high technology industries such as electronics, telecommunication, pharmacy, etc. Companies carry out unfair tactics such as disguising as customers, buying off employees, and bugging to survive fierce competitions in those industrial fields.
    When trade secrets are not given thorough legal protection, not only the companies will refrain from investing in R&D, but the fair trade system will also collapse, thus greatly impeding the industrial development. This recognition on the importance and necessity of trade secret protection gained universal approval and brought about the TRIPs agreement of WTO. TRIPs protects trade secrets as a matter of preventing unfair competition and leaves the choice of specific protective measures and procedures at the discretion of its member nations. Technologically advanced countries such as the United States and Japan have intensified civil or criminal penalties under their trade secret protection statutes to safeguard high-tech industrial technology. Accordingly, Korea also has taken steps to effectively deal with infringement of trade secrets. In December 1998, the title of ‘Unfair Competition Prevention Act,' which focused on providing civil remedies against unfair competitions, was changed to ‘Unfair Competition Prevention and Trade Secret Protection Act(UCPTSPA).' In 2004, UCPTSPA was amended to considerably strengthen criminal penalties imposed upon infringement of trade secrets.
    In October 2006,‘Industrial Technology Outflow Prevention and Protection Act(ITOPPA)' was enacted to prevent outflow of industrial technology for national interests, and to overcome the limitations of the present UCPTSPA. UCPTSPA only protects trade secrets of private enterprises and focuses on imposing penalties, while preventive measures are much more important in protecting cutting-edge industrial technology.
    This study researched and examined treatises in and out of Korea regarding trade secret protection through criminal penalties. To make the study practical, statistical data are referred to describe exisiting trade secret outflow cases and present trade secret protection practice in Korea. Comparative study on foreign countries trade secrets protection legislations has been carried out. The Korean Supreme Court cases and lower courts cases regarding technology outflow crimes and press releases are also researched and analysed.
    In specific, chapter two explores existing trade secret outflow cases and trade secret protection currently in practice in Korea. It reveals that the infringement of trade secrets, including industrial technology, mainly takes place in the industries where technology which can be instantly commercialized are present.
    Chapter three looks closely at the legislative measures for trade secret protection in foreign countries. In general, the protective measures adopted are not only confined to civil remedies but also includes criminal sanctions, and trade secret protection legislation is not only found in limited number of countries and is being developed into an international and universal system. It is notable that the definitions of trade secrets and punishable types of infringement are very similar around the world.
    Chapter four specifically examines criminal penalties of current trade secret protection legislation in Korea, mainly those prescribed in UCPTSPA, recently enacted ITOPPA and the Criminal Code.
    Chapter five points out problems the current Korean trade secret protection statutes have and suggests possible solutions. Specifically, the problems concerning UCPTSPA discussed are as follows: practical construction of the definition of trade secrets; penalizing acquisition of trade secrets for the purpose of dissemination in foreign countries; effectiveness of aggravated fine system; making offenses not prosecutable upon a complaint; insertion of trial non-disclosure clause; offshore jurisdiction; insertion of compulsory confiscation clause. With respect to ITOPPA, the followings are discussed: definition of 'industrial technology' and the rule of clarity; conflicts between the constitutional protection of property rights and freedom of trade; regulating domestic technology outflow by M&A with foreign companies; increasing the upper limit of statutory sentence and individualization of penal provisions; penalizing unjust acquisition by person responsible for protecting secrets; effectiveness of restitution order and penalizing the noncompliance thereof; confiscation clause; overlapping of the scope of protection and criminal sanctions with other statutes.
    Finally, chapter six concludes by emphasizing the importance of providing fair treatment to R&D workers in preventing trade secret outflow and calling for a shift in governmental and industrial perspective on that matter.
    Trade secret protection legislation in Korea can largely be divided into Unfair Competition Prevention Act, Industrial Technology Outflow Protection Act and the Criminal Code. As discussed in the main text, the scopes of protection and criminal penalties each statute provides overlap in part. This is due to the fact that UCPTSPA provides for both civil remedies and criminal penalties against infringement of trade secrets as in the cases of Japan and Germany, while ITOPPA provides for criminal penalties against outflow of industrial technology. Therefore, this paper suggests UCPTSPA only provide for civil remedies against infringement of trade secrets and criminal penalties upon trade secret outflow be regulated by ITOPPA as in the case of the United States, where civil remedies are given under the Unified Trade Secret Protection Act and criminal penalties under the Economic Espionage Act.
    Research on the definitions of ‘trade secrets' in UCPTSPA and of ‘industrial technology' in ITOPPA should be carried out continuously so as not to cause any difficulties in the interpretation and application of the statutes. On top of making improvements upon the legislative measures, the government must put all its efforts into preventing trade secret infringement by ensuring fair treatment of R&D workers and inducing companies' active investment in industrial technology security measures.
    번역하기

    Possession of valuable trade secrets, especially those information on industrial technology, determine the fate of an enterprise in today's information-oriented society. The number of cases regarding misappropriation or unauthorized use of industrial ...

    Possession of valuable trade secrets, especially those information on industrial technology, determine the fate of an enterprise in today's information-oriented society. The number of cases regarding misappropriation or unauthorized use of industrial technology - trade secrets a company creates through expensive R&D process - is rapidly increasing, especially in high technology industries such as electronics, telecommunication, pharmacy, etc. Companies carry out unfair tactics such as disguising as customers, buying off employees, and bugging to survive fierce competitions in those industrial fields.
    When trade secrets are not given thorough legal protection, not only the companies will refrain from investing in R&D, but the fair trade system will also collapse, thus greatly impeding the industrial development. This recognition on the importance and necessity of trade secret protection gained universal approval and brought about the TRIPs agreement of WTO. TRIPs protects trade secrets as a matter of preventing unfair competition and leaves the choice of specific protective measures and procedures at the discretion of its member nations. Technologically advanced countries such as the United States and Japan have intensified civil or criminal penalties under their trade secret protection statutes to safeguard high-tech industrial technology. Accordingly, Korea also has taken steps to effectively deal with infringement of trade secrets. In December 1998, the title of ‘Unfair Competition Prevention Act,' which focused on providing civil remedies against unfair competitions, was changed to ‘Unfair Competition Prevention and Trade Secret Protection Act(UCPTSPA).' In 2004, UCPTSPA was amended to considerably strengthen criminal penalties imposed upon infringement of trade secrets.
    In October 2006,‘Industrial Technology Outflow Prevention and Protection Act(ITOPPA)' was enacted to prevent outflow of industrial technology for national interests, and to overcome the limitations of the present UCPTSPA. UCPTSPA only protects trade secrets of private enterprises and focuses on imposing penalties, while preventive measures are much more important in protecting cutting-edge industrial technology.
    This study researched and examined treatises in and out of Korea regarding trade secret protection through criminal penalties. To make the study practical, statistical data are referred to describe exisiting trade secret outflow cases and present trade secret protection practice in Korea. Comparative study on foreign countries trade secrets protection legislations has been carried out. The Korean Supreme Court cases and lower courts cases regarding technology outflow crimes and press releases are also researched and analysed.
    In specific, chapter two explores existing trade secret outflow cases and trade secret protection currently in practice in Korea. It reveals that the infringement of trade secrets, including industrial technology, mainly takes place in the industries where technology which can be instantly commercialized are present.
    Chapter three looks closely at the legislative measures for trade secret protection in foreign countries. In general, the protective measures adopted are not only confined to civil remedies but also includes criminal sanctions, and trade secret protection legislation is not only found in limited number of countries and is being developed into an international and universal system. It is notable that the definitions of trade secrets and punishable types of infringement are very similar around the world.
    Chapter four specifically examines criminal penalties of current trade secret protection legislation in Korea, mainly those prescribed in UCPTSPA, recently enacted ITOPPA and the Criminal Code.
    Chapter five points out problems the current Korean trade secret protection statutes have and suggests possible solutions. Specifically, the problems concerning UCPTSPA discussed are as follows: practical construction of the definition of trade secrets; penalizing acquisition of trade secrets for the purpose of dissemination in foreign countries; effectiveness of aggravated fine system; making offenses not prosecutable upon a complaint; insertion of trial non-disclosure clause; offshore jurisdiction; insertion of compulsory confiscation clause. With respect to ITOPPA, the followings are discussed: definition of 'industrial technology' and the rule of clarity; conflicts between the constitutional protection of property rights and freedom of trade; regulating domestic technology outflow by M&A with foreign companies; increasing the upper limit of statutory sentence and individualization of penal provisions; penalizing unjust acquisition by person responsible for protecting secrets; effectiveness of restitution order and penalizing the noncompliance thereof; confiscation clause; overlapping of the scope of protection and criminal sanctions with other statutes.
    Finally, chapter six concludes by emphasizing the importance of providing fair treatment to R&D workers in preventing trade secret outflow and calling for a shift in governmental and industrial perspective on that matter.
    Trade secret protection legislation in Korea can largely be divided into Unfair Competition Prevention Act, Industrial Technology Outflow Protection Act and the Criminal Code. As discussed in the main text, the scopes of protection and criminal penalties each statute provides overlap in part. This is due to the fact that UCPTSPA provides for both civil remedies and criminal penalties against infringement of trade secrets as in the cases of Japan and Germany, while ITOPPA provides for criminal penalties against outflow of industrial technology. Therefore, this paper suggests UCPTSPA only provide for civil remedies against infringement of trade secrets and criminal penalties upon trade secret outflow be regulated by ITOPPA as in the case of the United States, where civil remedies are given under the Unified Trade Secret Protection Act and criminal penalties under the Economic Espionage Act.
    Research on the definitions of ‘trade secrets' in UCPTSPA and of ‘industrial technology' in ITOPPA should be carried out continuously so as not to cause any difficulties in the interpretation and application of the statutes. On top of making improvements upon the legislative measures, the government must put all its efforts into preventing trade secret infringement by ensuring fair treatment of R&D workers and inducing companies' active investment in industrial technology security measures.

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    목차 (Table of Contents)

    • 제1장 서론 = 1
    • 제1절 연구목적 = 1
    • 제2절 연구방법 및 범위 = 4
    • 제2장 영업비밀 유출현황 및 보안실태 = 6
    • 제1절 우리나라 기업의 영업비밀 유출현황 = 6
    • 제1장 서론 = 1
    • 제1절 연구목적 = 1
    • 제2절 연구방법 및 범위 = 4
    • 제2장 영업비밀 유출현황 및 보안실태 = 6
    • 제1절 우리나라 기업의 영업비밀 유출현황 = 6
    • Ⅰ. 대한상공회의소의 국내기업 산업기밀 유출 실태조사 결과 = 6
    • Ⅱ. 중소기업청의 산업기밀 유출현황 실태조사 결과 = 7
    • 1. 산업기밀 유출현황 = 7
    • 2. 산업기밀 유출방법 및 관계자 = 10
    • Ⅲ. 수사기관의 기술유출범죄 적발 현황 = 11
    • 1. 국가정보원의 산업기술 해외유출사범 적발현황 = 11
    • 2. 검찰의 기술유출범죄 적발 현황 = 12
    • 3. 최근 검찰에 적발된 기술유출 관련 주요 사건 = 14
    • 제2절 우리나라 기업의 보안실태 = 20
    • Ⅰ. 대한상공회의소의 국내기업 기밀유출 대응실태 조사결과 = 20
    • Ⅱ. 중소기업청의 산업기밀관리실태 조사결과 = 21
    • 1. 산업보안 인식수준 = 21
    • 2. 산업기밀 관리현황 = 23
    • Ⅲ. 우리나라 기업의 보안실태 검토 = 23
    • 제3장 영업비밀보호에 관한 외국의 입법례 = 25
    • 제1절 국제조약 = 25
    • Ⅰ. 파리조약 = 25
    • Ⅱ. WTO·TRIPs 협정 = 25
    • 제2절 미국 = 27
    • Ⅰ. 서설 = 27
    • Ⅱ. 경제스파이법에 의한 형사적 보호 = 28
    • 1. 영업비밀의 의의 = 28
    • 2. 형사적 보호 = 31
    • 제3절 독일 = 39
    • Ⅰ. 서설 = 39
    • Ⅱ. 부정경쟁방지법에 의한 형사적 보호 = 40
    • 1. 영업비밀의 의의 = 40
    • 2. 형사적 보호 = 40
    • 제4절 일본 = 44
    • Ⅰ. 서설 = 44
    • Ⅱ. 부정경쟁방지법에 의한 형사적 보호 = 44
    • 1. 영업비밀의 의의 = 44
    • 2. 형사적 보호 = 45
    • 제5절 중국 = 49
    • Ⅰ. 서설 = 49
    • Ⅱ. 형법에 의한 형사적 보호 = 49
    • 1. 영업비밀의 의의 = 49
    • 2. 형사적 보호 = 50
    • 제6절 소결 = 52
    • 제4장 현행법상 영업비밀에 관한 형사적 보호 = 55
    • 제1절 서설 = 55
    • 제2절 부정경쟁방지법에 의한 보호 = 58
    • Ⅰ. 영업비밀의 의의와 요건 = 58
    • 1. 영업비밀의 개념 = 58
    • 2. 영업비밀의 요건 = 58
    • 3. 유사개념과의 구별 = 80
    • Ⅱ. 영업비밀 침해행위 = 83
    • 1. 영업비밀 침해행위의 의의 = 83
    • 2. 영업비밀 침해행위의 유형 = 84
    • Ⅲ. 형사적 보호 = 85
    • 1. 국외유출 영업비밀 사용·누설행위 = 85
    • 2. 국내유출 영업비밀 취득·사용·누설행위 = 89
    • 3. 미수, 예비·음모의 처벌 = 92
    • 4. 양벌규정 = 92
    • 5. 죄수 및 다른 범죄와의 관계 = 93
    • 제3절 산업기술유출방지법에 의한 보호 = 94
    • Ⅰ. 산업기술의 의의와 요건 = 95
    • 1. 산업기술의 개념 = 95
    • 2.「산업기술」의 요건 = 96
    • 3. 국가핵심기술 = 101
    • 4. 영업비밀과의 구별 = 108
    • Ⅱ. 「산업기술」의 유출 및 침해행위 = 109
    • 1.「산업기술」유출 및 침해행위의 의의 = 109
    • 2.「산업기술」유출 및 침해행위의 유형 = 110
    • Ⅲ. 형사적 보호 = 114
    • 1. 국외유출 목적의 「산업기술」유출 및 침해행위 = 115
    • 2. 기타의 「산업기술」유출 및 침해행위 = 115
    • 3. 비밀유지의무자의 비밀누설행위 = 115
    • 4. 미수, 예비·음모의 처벌 = 116
    • 5. 양벌규정 = 116
    • 6. 필요적 몰수 = 116
    • 제4절 형법에 의한 보호 = 117
    • Ⅰ. 서설 = 117
    • Ⅱ. 절도죄의 성부 = 117
    • 1. 영업비밀 자체의 절도 = 118
    • 2. 영업비밀이 화체된 유체물의 절도 = 119
    • 3. 영업비밀이 화체된 유체물의 사용절도 = 120
    • Ⅲ. 횡령죄의 성부 = 124
    • Ⅳ. 배임죄의 성부 = 124
    • 1. 타인의 사무를 처리하는 자 = 125
    • 2. 임무에 위배되는 행위 = 127
    • 3. 재산상 이익의 취득 = 127
    • 4. 재산상 손해 = 129
    • 5. 기수시기 = 130
    • Ⅴ. 기타 범죄의 성부 = 131
    • 1. 비밀침해에 관한 죄 = 131
    • 2. 주거침입죄 = 133
    • 3. 장물죄 = 134
    • 제5절 기타 법률에 의한 보호 = 137
    • Ⅰ. 상법 = 137
    • Ⅱ. 정보통신망 이용촉진 및 정보보호 등에 관한 법률 = 137
    • Ⅲ. 통신비밀보호법 = 138
    • 제5장 현행 영업비밀보호법제의 문제점과 개선방안 = 140
    • 제1절 부정경쟁방지법상 문제점 및 개선방안 = 140
    • Ⅰ. 영업비밀의 개념에 관한 실무상 해석의 문제 = 140
    • Ⅱ. 국외유출목적 영업비밀 취득행위 처벌의 문제 = 142
    • Ⅲ. 가중벌금제도의 실효성 문제 = 143
    • Ⅳ. 비친고죄에 관한 문제 = 145
    • Ⅴ. 재판비공개규정 신설의 문제 = 147
    • Ⅵ. 역외관할권의 문제 = 149
    • Ⅶ. 필요적 몰수 규정 신설의 문제 = 150
    • 제2절 산업기술유출방지법상 문제점 및 개선방안 = 151
    • Ⅰ.「산업기술」의 정의와 명확성 원칙의 문제 = 151
    • 1. 산업기술유출방지법의 적용 현황 = 151
    • 2.「산업기술」의 정의와 명확성의 원칙 = 153
    • 3. 개선방안 = 154
    • Ⅱ. 국가핵심기술과 헌법상 재산권 보장 및 영업의 자유 제한의 문제 = 155
    • 1. 헌법상 재산권 보장과의 문제 = 155
    • 2. 헌법상 영업의 자유와의 문제 = 156
    • Ⅲ. 외국기업의 M&A에 의한 국내기술유출 규제의 문제 = 157
    • 1. 외국기업의 국내기업 M&A에 의한 기술유출 사례 = 157
    • 2. 사전 규제의 필요성 및 개선방안 = 158
    • Ⅳ. 벌칙규정의 문제 = 162
    • 1. 법정형 상향 조정의 문제 = 162
    • 2. 법정형 개별화의 문제 = 165
    • 3. 비밀유지의무자의 부정취득행위에 대한 형사처벌의 문제 = 165
    • 4. '외국기업 등' 및 '이전 등의 방법'의 해석 문제 = 166
    • 5. 원상회복명령의 실효성 및 명령 불이행시 형사처벌의 문제 = 169
    • 6. 몰수 규정의 문제 = 171
    • Ⅴ. 다른 법률과의 관계에 관한 문제 - 부정경쟁방지법을 중심으로 = 172
    • 1. 보호범위 및 형사적 규제의 중복 문제 = 172
    • 2. 제4조의 해석상 문제 = 175
    • 제6장 결론 = 178
    • 참고문헌 = 181
    • Abstract = 188
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