Since 1970's, converting the building into large scaled, multistoried, and complex used were progressed in order to solve urbanization, concentration of population, and insufficiency of land. While total area of the center of a city was drastically o...
Since 1970's, converting the building into large scaled, multistoried, and complex used were progressed in order to solve urbanization, concentration of population, and insufficiency of land. While total area of the center of a city was drastically on increase, necessity of the outer space secure was raised as the open space of a city. The system improving urban environment was requested through managing and controlling this outside open space appropriately.
The system securing opened public domain through revision of the construction law (Article 67 of the law, Article 113 of the enforcement ordinance in 1992) in 1991 with mandatory clauses for the building more than certain scale was prepared by these social demand.
However problem that opened public domain prepared in the city was unable to play a role of being enough for the rest area for citizens or promotion factor of downtown area environment after introducing this system of opened public domain had been being constantly raised. This is due to economic reason of the owner and the consciousness of related permission department personnel in charge who considers whether legal requirement is satisfied or not. However, the most fundamental reason is the lack of awareness of the designer, lack of understanding about actual utilization and preference of users, and lack of access. It is regarded that minute analysis regarding this aspect should be made for grasping the specificity of opened public domain actually.
Therefore, the purpose of this research was that actual condition and preparing status of the opened public domain were grasped for 'residential-commercial mixed use apartment' controlling the environmental quality of Seoul city recently, and useful data for preparing improving method of publicity through opened public domain of 'residential-commercial mixed use apartment' in the future was presented by comparing and analyzing preference of users, planning intention of designers, and consciousness of the public official who actually manages an administration about various matters of opened public domain.
Problems appearing in composition status and actual condition of opened public domain, and the result of consciousness investigation for users, designers, and public official can be outlined as follows;
Firstly, there was the problem resulted from proximity to a sidewalk, no existence of identifiable guide mark, and cutting off the sight line by obstacles such as excessive height of landscape architecture plant in the identity of opened public domain. According to the consciousness survey result, both of designers and users recognized the proximity to the sidewalk as the most important factor in the identity of opened public domain.
Secondly, as to the matters of the accessibility to opened public domain, pedestrial problems including level difference with a sidewalk, mixed loading of a pedestrian and vehicle road, approach interception by an obstacle between opened public domain and pedestrian, location of opened public domain, and etc were shown. According to the investigation of awareness, both of designers and users preferred to opened public domain formed transversely with the road. Designers realized the significance on the close distance at a sidewalk, on the other hands, users showed a concern in the safety to the vehicle.
Thirdly, in the connective aspect, there were problems including lack of connection with neighboring public domain, with public transportation facility, and with open spaces and convenient facilities. According to the investigation of awareness, whereas connection with neighboring public domain (park, and etc) was made much of in the case of designers, the significance was recognized in the case of users on the connection with the public transport.
Fourthly, in the comparing and analyzing overseas·national system of opened public domain at the law · systematic aspect, there were problems that improving the quality of opened public domain was impossible due to the lack of detail and concrete guideline, conducing spontaneous participation of private developer was difficult due to the deficit of incentive diversity and fairness which gives incentive, and private developers were unable to feel the necessity of the incentive from offering opened public domain because standard floor space index was so highly allowed. According to the investigation of awareness, public official and designer required graded payment of an incentive, diversification of the incentive kind, and detailed and realistic compensation system such as reducing the tax, providing subsidy and etc. according to establish opened public domain. Moreover, designers recognized about the subject of managing opened public domain after developing that owner of building or the resident has to administer with receiving government subsidies, while users recognized that the city or the ward office has to control strictly.
Through this problems in the aspect of identification of opened public domain, accessibility, connection, and the law·system, improvement plans for publicity promotion classified into the aspect of system, expert, and owner·user are as follows.
Firstly, for systemic aspect, compensation and financial support which can be operated flexibly by integrating other legal standard along with relaxation of the construction standard enforced currently should be variously operated as tax-relief, tax increment support, land compensation, and etc. Detailed guideline should be established through design guideline on the construction ordinance which non-coherency is worried in the application, diversification and grading application of incentive according to a type or a fixture. And the clause which can evaluate performance of opened public domain and facility level should be prepared. The method of maintenance · management after developing opened public domain can be proposed as forms which the city or the ward office manages directly, and owners of construction or the resident has responsibility with receiving financial support according to the supervision of the government.
Secondly, the guide and promotion about substantial usage and management method for users and residents are necessary in the case of the public official as the expert side. And preparing concrete guideline which fits for each district such as regulation about selecting location of opened public domain in the region, differencing of the content of opened public domain according to the purpose of the building, developing the type of opened public domain design, and setting up installation limit of opened public domain by the width. In the case of designers, large-scale rest area should be organized by centralizing dispersed outer spaces connected public transport, neighboring public spaces(part, and etc) through sufficient examination about current status of the subject area before planning, or availability of users should be raised by enhancing effectiveness of usage. Moreover, setting up the parking place entrance adjoining to the opened public domain should be avoided or separating pedestrian and vehicles road should be certainly done. If opened public domain is developed at the area adjacent to the main exit of the building, general pedestrian can easily use and approach, and residents of buildings and users can also approach and use, therefore the plan which can make users harmonized naturally is necessary.
Thirdly, for the aspect of user·owner, recognition should be changed so that opened public domain should not be owned privately for residents of complex only by not blocking with garden, advertisement establishment, and etc. in the case of owners. And the role of managing opened public domain should be simultaneously performed through continued assembly of residents. In the case of users, recognition and behaviour using opened public domain should be changed. Users should not do behaviors such as damaging establishment, refusing trash, or etc. in the usage of opened public domain with the recognition that opened public domain is public property.