호텔기업의 외부적 환경들 가운데 고객의 요구가 보다 정교해지고 고객화됨에 따라 이에 부응할 수 있는 고객지향적 행동을 드러내는 인적자원관리의 중요성이 부각되고 있다. 호텔기업들...

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https://www.riss.kr/link?id=T11599018
대구 : 계명대학교 대학원, 2009
2009
한국어
대구
Relationships of Hotel Employees' Service Encounter Context,Emotional Exhaustion,and Customer Orientation
ⅴ, 98 p. : 삽도 ; 26 cm.
계명대학교 논문은 저작권에 의해 보호받습니다.
지도교수 : 오익근
부록 : 설문지(p. 87-89)
참고문헌 : p. 79-86
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상세조회0
다운로드호텔기업의 외부적 환경들 가운데 고객의 요구가 보다 정교해지고 고객화됨에 따라 이에 부응할 수 있는 고객지향적 행동을 드러내는 인적자원관리의 중요성이 부각되고 있다. 호텔기업들...
호텔기업의 외부적 환경들 가운데 고객의 요구가 보다 정교해지고 고객화됨에 따라 이에 부응할 수 있는 고객지향적 행동을 드러내는 인적자원관리의 중요성이 부각되고 있다. 호텔기업들은 고객이 지각하는 서비스품질에 영향을 미치는 고객지향성을 제고시키기 위해 서비스접점에서 접객업무를 담당하는 직원들에게 감정표현에 관련한 일정 기준을 요구하고 있다. 호텔직원들은 이를 수용하고 대응하는 과정에서 감정노동을 경험하게 되므로 직원들의 감정관리에 보다 주목할 필요가 있다.
본 연구는 우선 서비스접점에서 호텔직원이 경험하는 실제 감정과 조직규범으로 표현해야 하는 감정 간의 차이인 감정부조화의 유발요인을 규명하였다. 아울러 호텔직원이 경험하는 감정부조화의 정도가 감정고갈에 어떠한 영향을 미치며, 궁극적으로 이러한 영향이 호텔직원의 고객지향성에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 대한 실증적 관계를 검증하였다. 나아가 이를 바탕으로 호텔경영의 전략적 시사점을 도출하고자 하였다.
이러한 연구 목적을 효율적으로 수행하기 위해, 첫째, 감정노동에 관한 선행연구를 체계적으로 고찰하여 서비스접점에서 호텔직원으로 하여금 감정부조화를 발생시킬 수 있는 요인을 부정적 고객요인, 부정적 환경요인, 부정적 직원요인, 부정적 직무요인으로 구분하여 제시하였다. 표적집단조사와 예비조사를 거쳐 설문 문항을 확정하고 국내 주요 특급호텔에서 서비스접점에서 근무하는 호텔직원들을 대상으로 2008년 9월 10일부터 2008년 10월 10일까지 약 30일간에 걸쳐 설문 조사를 실시하였다. 총 450부의 설문지를 배포하여 430부를 회수하였고, 회수된 설문 중 399부의 유효 설문지 응답결과를 최종 분석의 대상으로 삼았다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 12.0, AMOS 4.0을 활용하여 분석되었으며, 가설 검증을 위해 구조분석과 경로분석을 실시하였다.
본 연구에서 제시한 연구모형에서의 각 연구변수들의 검증을 위해 탐색적 및 확인적 요인분석을 수행하였으며, 분석 결과 제안한 연구변수들이 대체적으로 적절한 것으로 평가되었다. 본 연구에서 제시한 연구가설에 대한 실증분석결과는 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다.
첫째, 서비스접점에서의 선행요인들 가운데 부정적 고객요인과 부정적 직원요인은 호텔직원의 감정부조화에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타나 연구가설은 기각되었다. 감정부조화는 모든 종류의 서비스 직업에 영향을 미칠 수 있지만, 이는 서비스 직종에서 고객과의 지속적 관계를 수반하는 정도와 고객관련 사회적 스트레스 요인들을 처리하기 위해 직원들이 받은 교육의 양에 따라 상이할 수 있으므로 호텔직원은 실제 감정과 조직규범상의 감정간의 차이를 경험하지 않는 것으로 생각되며, 또한 특급호텔직원의 경우 자신의 부정적 요인이 고객응대시 영향을 미치지 않도록 통제하고 있는 것으로 보인다.
둘째, 호텔 영업장내 부정적 환경요인은 호텔직원의 감정부조화에 유의한 정의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 또한 서비스접점에서 부정적 직무요인도 고객응대시 호텔직원의 감정부조화에 유의한 정의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나 연구가설은 채택되었다.
셋째, 서비스접점에서 호텔직원이 경험하는 감정부조화는 감정고갈에 유의한 정의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나 연구가설은 채택되었다. 이는 호텔직원의 감정부조화 정도가 높을수록 직원의 감정고갈이 커지는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 즉, 호텔직원이 실제 경험하는 감정과 조직에서 요구하는 감정간의 괴리인 감정부조화가 클수록 직원이 경험하는 감정고갈이 심화되는 것을 알 수 있다.
넷째, 호텔직원이 경험하는 감정고갈의 정도와 직원의 고객지향성간의 관계는 유의한 부의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나 연구가설은 채택되었다. 따라서 호텔직원이 경험하는 감정고갈의 정도가 클수록 고객의 욕구를 파악하고 이해하여 고객들의 욕구를 보다 잘 충족시키고자하는 고객지향성은 낮아진다는 것을 알 수 있었다.
호텔기업의 고객지향성에 관한 연구방향이 호텔기업에 실질적인 인적자원의 연구 자료로 활용되기 위해서는 인적자원이 제공하는 고객지향성의 과정에서 직원들이 경험하는 감정 관리에 대한 연구가 지속적으로 확대되어져야 할 것이다. 또한 고객관계관리 측면에서 고객지향성을 지속적으로 제고시킬 수 있도록 이에 대한 인적자원의 감정과 고객지향성간의 매개변수들에 관한 연구도 진행되어야 할 것으로 판단된다. 그리고 한정된 표본대상을 전국으로 확대하여 다양한 유형의 호텔들을 대상으로 확대 조사하여 분석한다면 더욱 유익하고 타당성 있는 논문으로 발전할 수 있을 것이다.
다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)
As customer's needs get more sophisticated, it gets more important to manage human resources capable of displaying customer-oriented behavior. Hotels require employees in the service encounter of certain regulations in emotion display to enhance custo...
As customer's needs get more sophisticated, it gets more important to manage human resources capable of displaying customer-oriented behavior. Hotels require employees in the service encounter of certain regulations in emotion display to enhance customer-oriented behavior which affects customers' evaluation on service quality. In the process, employees are engaged in emotional labor and a need arises to focus on the management of their emotions.
This study aims at investigating the relationships of hotel employees' service encounter context, emotional dissonance, emotional exhaustion, and customer orientation. For the purpose, it identified the dimensions of the service encounter which affect employees' emotional experiences. It also suggested an integrated model of the constructs and tested the suggested model with the support of empirical evidence.
This study was conducted based on the following methods and guidelines:
First, based on a review of the literature on emotional labor, such factors as customer misbehavior, negative environment, negative employees' physical and psychological condition, and negative job requirements were selected as antecedents that could influence employees' emotional dissonance. And based on the literature, hypotheses were generated and a research model that could evaluate the causal relationship among the antecedent variables, emotional dissonance, emotional exhaustion, and customer oriented behavior was designed.
Second, measurement items on the questionnaire were developed both from the integration of expert consultation and literature review. After a refinement of the items in a pretest, a survey was conducted with the employees at the service encounter of deluxe hotels in major cities in Korea from September 10 through October 10, 2008. A total of 450 close-ended questionnaires were distributed and 399 valid responses were used for the analysis through the statistical program packages of SPSS 12.0 and AMOS 4.0.
Third, both the exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis were carried out to evaluate the conceptual validity and internal coherence of the constructs. The value of Cronbach's Alpha were all higher than 0.6 and thus validated the research design. Results from the factor analysis proved uni-dimensionality for all constructs. And the confirmatory factor analysis, conducted for purifying variables, validated the adequacy of measurement tools used in the research design.
Fourth, structural equation model was used to confirm the adequacy of the proposed research model. It was found that χ²=673.467(312), p=0.000, RMR=0.096, GFI=0.891, AGFI=0.868, NFI=0.873, RFI=0.857, IFI=0.927, CFI=0.927. Therefore, the model was adequate as suitability was confirmed for all indices.
Fifth, based on the analysis results above, research hypotheses were tested.
The followings are the research outputs:
First, in the relationships between antecedent variables and emotional dissonance, negative environment factor and job requirements were found to have significantly positive influence on employees' emotional dissonance. However, negative customer factor and employee factor were found not to influence significantly employees' emotional dissonance.
Second, emotional dissonance was found to have significantly positive influences on employees' emotional exhaustion.
Third, employees' emotional exhaustion was found to have significantly negative influences on employees' customer-oriented behavior. As a result, the mediating role of emotional dissonance and emotional exhaustion were verified.
From the findings from the study, the following were proposed to be necessary to help employees manage their emotional aspects at the service encounter during interaction with customers: more consistent training programs, greater consideration of environment for employees, and greater social support at the workplace, and so on.
It is expected that this study will contribute to understanding what causes emotional conflicts from the hotel employees at the service encounter. In addition, it will stimulate further research for the development of internal marketing efforts for the effective management of human resources in the hotel industry.
목차 (Table of Contents)
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