한국 국민연금제도와 중국 양로보험제도의 발달과정 비교연구 = Comparison study of the developmental processes between national pension scheme in Korea and pension insurance in China

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study is to compare the background and the developmental processes of pension, which is the core of social security system, between Korean and China in the base of social security theories of socialism and capitalism, and to found the implication of Korean experiences to China.
In Korea social security system had been established in the process of industrialization and in China social security system, which include everyone, had been established from the beginning of the country. However, in both countries from 1980's social security system including pension had been started to face in a crisis and the reformation had been the major issues. In those situation both countries had been started to reform their pension system and struggled to establish the pension system that fits for their countries.
In this study the background of establishment, the background, process, and the form of reformation, the process of forming reformation proposal, and the major issues have been analysed through looking for the developmental process of Korean and Chinese pension system. It has been shown that there are many differences in the background of establishment, the background and the process of reformation, and the process of forming reformation proposal between both countries. It may be caused by the differences of social systems between both countries. There are also some similarities in the orientation of reformation and income security system establishment for the elderly. It may be the way to solve the problems such as aging society, financial crisis, poverty among the elderly.
The implications of this study are First, shift in paradigm that both aim, economic development and social union can be pursued is needed.
Second, in the process of Korean pension reformation always changes in the law have been done first and it has been done by enough research, hearings various opinions, and discussions. In Chinese pension system reformation the most urgent thing is changes in the law.
Third, the way that pension applies according to the number of workers can be considerable in Chinese social insurance regulation.
Fourth, Korean National Pension Scheme that applies to everyone including rural residents in a same way has been facing a lot of difficulties. In China this Korean experiences can be considered when pension applies to rural residents.
Fifth, For the stable financial supply and continuous support of pension system middle and long term financial plan should be done as Korean case.
Sixth, social agreement and trust in pension system by the public are the prior conditions.
Summarily, both in Korea and China new reformation proposals have been formed for pension reformation but continuous effort should be done for the better system. In Korea continuous reformation should be done in financial stabilization, fund management, removing the blind spots, etc. In China reformation should be done in social insurance regulation, paying pension debits, fund management, increasing individual account interest, extending the scope of application.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• I. 서 론 1
• 1. 연구의 의의 및 목적 1
• 2. 연구방법 5
• 3. 연구의 범위와 한계 10
• 4. 용어의 정의 11
• II. 연금제도 및 개혁에 관한 이론적 논의 14
• 1. 연금제도의 개념 및 유형 14
• 1) 연금제도의 개념과 특징 14
• 2) 연금제도의 주요내용 16
• 3) 연금제도의 유형 19
• 2. 자본주의체제에서 연금제도의 발달 23
• 1) 비스마르크시대의 연금제도 23
• 2) 보편적인 연금제도의 시행 24
• 3) 베버리지 보고서에 의한 연금제도의 발전 26
• 4) 자본주의 연금제도의 특징 28
• 3. 사회주의체제에서 연금제도의 발달 29
• 1) 마르크스와 엥겔스의 사회보장에 관한 사상 29
• 2) 레닌의 국가보장 모델 32
• 3) 동유럽 사회주의국가의 연금제도 35
• 4) 사회주의 연금제도의 특징 37
• 4. 연금제도의 개혁배경과 개혁방법 40
• 1) 연금제도의 개혁배경 40
• 2) 연금제도의 개혁방법 48
• 3) 국제기구의 연금제도 개혁안 49
• III. 한국과 중국의 연금제도 발달과정 61
• 1. 한국 국민연금제도 발달과정 61
• 1) 한국 국민복지연금법 수립 및 시행유보 61
• 2) 국민연금법 시행 및 발전 69
• 3) 전 국민 연금화시대 77
• 4) 국민연금의 재편 86
• 5) 한국 국민연금 발달과정상의 특징 103
• 2. 중국 양로보험제도 발달과정 106
• 1) 계획경제시대의 전통적인 양로보험제도 수립 및 발전 106
• 2) 체제전환에 따른 양로보험제도개혁 118
• 3) 사회조달과 개인계좌 통합형 양로보험제도 형성 129
• 4) 사회조달과 개인계좌 통합형 양로보험제도 개선 140
• 5) 중국 양로보험 발달과정상의 특징 159
• IV. 한국과 중국 연금제도 발달과정 비교분석 163
• 1. 도입 및 개혁배경 비교분석 163
• 1) 도입배경 163
• 2) 개혁배경 166
• 2. 개혁안 형성과정 비교분석 169
• 1) 정책결정구조 169
• 2) 개혁안 형성과정 172
• 3. 개혁방법 및 개혁형식 비교분석 178
• 1) 개혁방법 178
• 2) 개혁형식 180
• 4. 연금제도내용 비교분석 181
• 1) 적용대상 181
• 2) 급여체계 185
• 3) 재원조달 191
• 4) 관리체계 194
• V. 논의 및 정책적 함의 197
• 1. 한국과 중국 연금제도발달과정에 있어서의 유사성과 상이성 197
• 2. 한국연금제도와 중국양로보험제도의 개혁과제 206
• 3. 한국연금제도 개혁경험이 중국양로보험개혁에 주는 정책적 함의 209
• VI. 결 론 215
• 참고문헌 218
• Abstract 229