태권도의 올림픽 정식종목 존속을 위한 겨루기 경기규칙 개선에 관한 연구 = (A) study on the improvement of competition rules to maintain Taekwondo as an official Olympic game

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Taekwondo is currently in the face of difficulties with the exclusion from the Olympic Games by International Olympic Committee (IOC) because it has a lack of excitement, interest, objectivity and justice of referee’s judgment, and exposure to the media.
The purpose of this study was provide materials for improvements of competition rules to maintain Taekwondo as an official Olympic Game permanently through objectively and reasonably proposed report by analysis of cognition and opinion about the problems of current Taekwondo competition rules from players, coaches, referees, and college students majoring Taekwondo according to their gender, age, and position. This might provide an exciting and interesting Taekwondo competition to the public induced by player’s various skills and objectivity and justice of the referee’s judgment. In this study, subjects were total 980 people; 230 Taekwondo players, 209 coaches, 201 referees, and 340 college students majoring Taekwondo. All collected data were analyzed by t-test for frequency analysis and mean comparison between gender, by one-way ANOVA for mean comparison among different age and career groups, and by Scheffe for post-hoc tests. The conclusions of this study are as follows.
1. The reasons for the lack of excitement and interest in Taekwondo
First, as compared to women’s games, men’s games were more boring due to a longer time period of no action for counter-attack without initiative attack, showed much simpler techniques, had more interference in skills such as grabbing and holding the opponent, and showed more acts for avoiding the match for those who lead the score by delaying the game or escaping on purpose to keep the score.
Second, there were significant differences in boredom, sameness, interference in skills, and avoiding the match among different age groups.
Third, there weresignificant differences in boredom, sameness, interference in skills, and avoiding the match among different career groups.
2. The plan to make Taekwondo more exciting and interesting
First, as compared to women, men were greater in 2 points for an initiative attack on truck, 4 points for an initiative attack on face, different scoring based on skill levels, 2 points for a spinning attack on truck, 4 points for a spinning attack on face, additional points for combined action, and 10 second rule.
Second, there were significant differences inan initiative attack on face, a spinning attack on truck, a spinning attack on face, additional points for combined action, and 10 second rule among different age groups.
Third, there were significant differences in an initiative attack on trunk, an initiative attack on face, different scoring based on skill levels, a spinning attack on truck, a spinningattack on face, additional points for combined action, and 10 second rule among different career groups.
3. The reasons and improvement plans for the lack of objectivity and justice of referee’s judgment
First, the effect of personal emotion, a lack of quality, educational problem were higher in women than men, while an electronic trunk protector was higher in men than women.
Second, there were significant differences in the effect of personal emotion, a lack of quality, educational problem, a full-time referee, and an electronic trunk protector among different age groups.
Third, there weresignificant differences in the effect of personal emotion, a lack of quality, educational problem, competition rule, a full-time referee, and an electronic trunk protector among different career groups.
4. Scoring accuracy and judgment justice of an electronic trunk protector
First, men were higher than women in objectivity and justice of judgment, scoring accuracy of attack on truck, and scoring accuracy of attack on face.
Second, scoring accuracy of attack on face was higher in age 20’s and 40’s than 30’s.
Third, there were significant differences in objectivity and justice of judgment, scoring accuracy of attack on truck, and scoring accuracyof attack on face among different career groups.
5. Improvement plans for an electronic trunk protector
First, men were higher than women in scoring by the level of attacking power using bare feet and hands when electronic sensors were attached only at the trunk protector, by an electronic protector for truck, and by judge for face, and in improvements in competitionrules for using an electronic protector.
Second, there were no significant differences in a complement to an electronic protector, the level of attacking power, scoring methods, and improvements in competitionrules among different age groups.
Third, there were significant differences in a complement to an electronic protector and improvements in competition rules among different career groups.
6. Improvement plans for competition area and rules
First, there is less out of boundary line in circular competition area than rectangular area. Due to a reduction of a dead angle, circular competition area has fairer judge than rectangulararea. There are more exciting games in circular competition area than rectangular area. Clock stops after declaration of "Kal-yeo" by referee and starts after declaration of "Kye-sok" by referee. There were no significant differences in disuse of sudden death and decision of superiority after the third round.
Second, age 40’s were higher than 30’s in out of boundary line, while age 20’s were higher than 30’s in decision of superiority.
Third, players and coaches were higher than college students in out of boundary line, players were higher than college students in excitement, and college studentswere higher than coaches in decision of superiority.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• I. 서론 = 1
• 1. 연구의 필요성 및 목적 = 1
• 2. 연구 가설 = 5
• 3. 연구 제한점 = 6
• 4. 용어 정의 = 7
• II. 이론적 배경 = 8
• 1. 경기규칙의 의미 = 8
• 2. 태권도연맹의 경기규칙 변천과정 = 10
• 3. 현행 태권도 겨루기 경기의 문제점 = 17
• 4. 선행연구 = 18
• III. 연구방법 = 22
• 1. 연구대상 = 22
• 2. 조사도구 = 23
• 3. 조사절차 = 27
• 4. 자료처리 = 28
• IV. 연구결과 = 29
• 1. 태권도 경기가 박진감과 흥미가 없는 이유 = 29
• 2. 태권도 경기가 박진감 있고 흥미로운 경기가 될 수 있는 방안 = 34
• 3. 심판판정의 객관성과 공정성이 부족한 이유와 개선점 = 41
• 4. 전자호구의 득점 표출 정확도 및 판정의 공정성 = 47
• 5. 전자호구 개선점 = 52
• 6. 경기장 및 경기규칙 개선점 = 56
• V. 논의 = 62
• 1. 태권도 경기가 박진감과 흥미가 없는 이유 = 62
• 2. 태권도 경기가 박진감 있고 흥미로운 경기가 될 수 있는 방안 = 65
• 3. 심판판정의 객관성과 공정성이 부족한 이유와 개선점 = 70
• 4. 전자호구의 득점 표출의 정확도 및 판정의 공정성 = 74
• 5. 전자호구의 개선점 = 75
• 6. 경기장 및 경기규칙 개선점 = 77
• VI. 결론 = 81
• 참고문헌 = 85
• 부록 = 89
• Abstract = 94