개화기 조미수호통상조약의 고찰 = Process and Significance of Signing Chosun-the U.S. Friendship and Commerce Treaty

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Since the middle of the 19th century, countries in South Asia had opened to foreign intercourse. Chosun (old Korea) was pressed to adopt an open-door policy by destroying established orders and traditional systems. Ching and Japan tried to change Confucian international relations with Chosun to form a new governing organization. Also, several powerful countries competitively tried to have international relations with Chosun in accordance with their foreign policy and interests.
Neighboring countries, Ching and Japan carried out their an open door under civilization and pressure of Western, while they tried reforming their own systems. However, Chosun went through Daewongun's national isolation policy, but opened its door to the powers with King Gojong's royal governing in person. The reason of signing a friendship and commerce treaty with the U.S. is that higher level government officials recognized urgent international situations, and awakened that Chosun could not isolated any more for a wealthy country and a powerful army, and that the country was supported by the U.S. in competition with Japan and western powers.
Under this situations, after the U.S. signed Wangsya treaty with China in 1844, succeeded in opening Japan's port by military power in 1854, the country realized that Chosun, which is located between Ching and Japan, had great geopolitical importance. So the U.S. was interested in Chosun's open door, tried commerce negotiation by mobilizing a warship, and failed in it. After that, Shufeldt, Robert W carried out it.
Shufeldt arrived at Japan by the Ticonderoga, tried a port negotiation with Chosun through Japan and failed in it. Having heard of the news, Li Hung-chang of Ching invited him to Tientsin. Li's purpose of foreign policy is to reach Chosun-the U.S. treaty by drawing American power into Chosun, and to keep its suzerainty by hindering Russia's invasion of the South and Japan's argument to conquer Chosun
Although Shufeldt tried to negotiate with Chosun under Li's intercession, the negotiation became deadlocked due to Ching's stipulation on tributary and its unchangeable articles, Chosun and the U.S. friendship and commerce treaty was reached through agreeing to stipulate extra articles for reference.
A lot of scholars study the U.S.'commerce negotiation with Chosun, which began with the General Sherman incident. The object of study is classified as follows:
First, how to choose and study specific period.
Second, the study on Ching' role in Chosun-the U.S. friendship and commerce treaty and effect of Chosun policy of an open door at the end of Chosun.
Finally, the study on the history of Chosun-the U.S. negotiation before and after opening.
This study aimed to shed new lights on the process of Chosun-the U.S. friendship and commerce treaty in 1860, under Chosun's open-door situations, namely, the U.S.'s nature of inspection into Chosun, its purpose of contract with the country, its attitude of negotiation in relations with neighbors and the content of the treaty. Also, this study intended to examine Chosun's external and internal situations, and policy when the U.S. tried commerce negotiation with Chosun with interest. It analyzed the U.S.'s demand on Japan and Ching's role as a way to sign Chosun-the U.S. friendship and the content of Chosun policy and an open door as a theoretical foundation which Chosun accepted the treaty, and inquires into an independent foreign policy.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론 = 1
• Ⅱ. 조미수교 이전 조선의 미국 인식 = 6
• 1. 국내정세 = 6
• 2. 국외정세 = 8
• 3. 조선의 미국 인식 = 10
• Ⅲ. 미국의 조선 진출과 정책 = 13
• 1. 조선에 대한 미국의 관심과 정책 = 13
• 2. 미 의회의 조선사절단 파견결의안 = 24
• 3. 청·일을 통한 슈펠트의 조선개항 교섭 = 25
• Ⅳ. 조미수호통상조약의 체결과정과 그 의의 = 37
• 1.『조선책략』이 대미수교에 미친 영향 = 37
• 2. 조미수호통상조약 체결 = 49
• 3. 역사적 의의 = 55
• Ⅴ. 결론 = 59
• 참고문헌 = 62
• ABSTRACT = 66