The transition of the end of the Silla dynasty and the beginning of the Koryo dynasty marked the onset of social change. The political disorder led to the appearance of temples and the Hojok (powerful family group) in local regions. Buddhism was enhan...
The transition of the end of the Silla dynasty and the beginning of the Koryo dynasty marked the onset of social change. The political disorder led to the appearance of temples and the Hojok (powerful family group) in local regions. Buddhism was enhancing its influence as the nation’s dominant ideology since the period of Silla reunification. This increase of Buddhism’s influence became a social problem, causing the government to prepare countermeasures. King Taejo, who founded the Koryo dynasty, intended to use Buddhism as a way to organize the Koryo system. Therefore, by examining the Buddhist policy of king Taejo, we can gain more insight into the nature of the early Koryo.The biggest incident at the end of the Silla Buddhism community was the prevalence of Seonjong (Zen Buddhism). Seonjong was very popular, linking the region’s most powerful individuals. Additionally, it encouraged other denominations to intensify their doctrines, resulting in triggering the conflict between them all. The prevalence of Seonjong was in part responsible for the magnification of the temple economy. During this time, temples possessed a large amount of land, numerous people, and armed forces. Therefore, the governor needed a proper countermeasure. Also like the Silla, Gyeonhwon of the new Baekje and Gungye of Taebong intended to use the Buddhist community.King Taejo also attempted to organize the national system through Buddhist policy. At the beginning of the Koryo dynasty, he decided upon a political strategy whereby he needed to appease the troubled mind of the public and unify the three kingdoms. Firstly, he transferred large, important temples to the capital of Kaekyeong. They became a symbol of the Koryo dynasty, being the venue of national performance events like Palgwanhoe, and Yeongdeunghoe. Furthermore, because of his use of local temples, he gained a better position of power than the new Bakjae. .In addition to the temple policy, king Taejo invited monks of high virtue and treated them as masters, so he could be confident in securing the legitimacy of the dynasty. Also, he dispatched many monks to temples throughout the country to act as chiefs of the area.King Taejo opened up large Buddhist services at the time of unification. He wanted to balance the other denominations he considered inferior to Seonjong. He built up the temples of Hwaeomjong, Yugajong, Yuljong, Sininjong, among others in Kaekyeong to protect those denominations.This type of policy was possible because king Taejo established his support base completely during the time of unification. Before this, he had relationships only with certain denominations. However, after unification, the monks of Silla and the new Bakjae region supported his Buddhist policy, allowing for king Taejo to broaden the scope of his relationships with all the denominations. Based on this balancing of several denominations by king Taejo, we can assess that this was the beginning of the Buddhist system during the Koryo dynasty.