북한이탈주민의 정보행태와 정보빈곤에 관한 연구 : 부산지역 거주자를 중심으로 = Information behavior and information poverty

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In recent days North Korean refugees, who hope to move into and settle in South Korea, have been rapidly increasing. However their adaptation to South Korea's new social system and environment are reported to have not been so much successful as they expected. While several factors have influenced on such failures, more direct ones seem to be related with the difficulties in accessing and using the everyday information and information resources, which are considered to be essential for a successful living in a new social system. Considering such situations, this study attempts to investigate both information needs and information seeking behavior of North Korean refugees in South Korea. Ultimately purposed are to find out the reality of information poverty and to develop the strategies and methods for information welfare of North Korean Refugees.
Three methods were used to collect the data needed for the discussion. First, a face-to-face interview was conducted with utilizing a semi-structured interview schedule. Participated in the interviews were 16 North Korean refugees and 11 guides and helpers for North Korean refugees(including some governmental officers and NGO members). Second, a full-scale survey was carried out and 89 North Korean refugees responded to the survey. The samples for interviews and survey were drawn from the North Korean residents in Busan and its vicinity. Finally utilized for the discussion were research articles and documents produced by South Korean government or NGOs, and digital contents from various websites dealing with the issues of North Korean refugees.
The major findings of this study are as follows: (1) North Korean refugees have various and strong information needs for settlement and daily life. The strongest were information needs related to economic problem, specifically job and business related information needs. It was followed by information needs related to social welfare, health and security, child care and education, and North Korean situation.
(2) In order to meet their information needs, North Korean refugees were heavily dependent on informal interpersonal information sources such as their family members, friends, and their own neighborhoods, as compared to such formal interpersonal information sources as public officers, social welfare agents, and NGOs members. Meanwhile, their usage of mass media such as TV, newspapers, and internet as information sources was also heavy. However the overall information environment surrounding them appeared to be relatively inferior to that of average South Koreans.
(3) On the basis of the data collected and analyzed, it was concluded that North Korean refugees were situated at information poverty, as compared to the situation of South Koreans. It was also found out that their information poverty was caused by the inferiority of their information literary and information environment.
In conclusion, this study made some useful suggestions for overcoming the information poverty and promoting the information welfare of North Korean refugees. (1) The first suggestion is the current resettlement-support-system for North Korean refugees should be changed from a 'provider-oriented' to 'user-oriented' so that they could easily access and utilize the information sources needed for daily life. To the end, a closer relationship between government official and NGO members should be developed and a substantial cooperative system between them should be operated. Also needed for consideration is to utilize North Korean refugees as information gatekeepers or agents bridging the information gap between North Korean refugees community and South Korean society. (2) The second suggestion is related with improving the poor information literacy of North Korean refugees. Urgently needed are the development and application of both formal and informal educational system which are able to make them recognize the importance of information for a living, and to improve their language proficiency and ICT(information and communication technology) literacy. To do this effectively and efficiently it is strongly recommended to utilize the early adaptors of North Korean refugees, who have already settled successfully in South Korean society, as lecturers for teaching South Korean language and ICT.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론 1
• 1. 연구의 필요성과 목적 1
• 2. 연구내용과 연구방법 6
• 1) 연구내용 6
• 2) 연구방법 6
• 3) 연구대상과 표본추출 8
• 4) 자료의 수집과 분석 9
• 5) 용어의 정의 11
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 17
• 1. 계층간 지식과 정보의 불평등 17
• 2. 소수민족의 정보요구와 정보추구행태 21
• 3. 주변집단 내의 효과적 정보유통 27
• Ⅲ. 북한이탈주민의 현황과 지원체계 32
• 1. 정착현황 32
• 1) 입국현황 32
• 2) 부산지역 북한이탈주민의 생활실태 34
• 2. 관련 법규와 지원체계 36
• 1) 관련 법규 36
• 2) 관련 정책 36
• 3) 정착지원체계 38
• Ⅳ. 북한이탈주민의 정보요구 47
• 1. 조사 대상자들의 인구학적 특성 47
• 2. 정보요구의 전반적 경향 53
• 3. 정보요구의 구체적 내용 58
• Ⅴ. 북한이탈주민의 정보행태 76
• 1. 정보에 대한 인식과 입수태도 77
• 2. 일상생활의 정보원과 선호도 80
• 1) 선호하는 정보원과 선호이유 80
• 2) 대중 정보매체의 이용행태 87
• 3) 기관 정보원의 이용행태 107
• 4) 대인 정보원의 이용행태 133
• 3. 정보행태에서 나타나는 특성 138
• 1) 북한이탈주민들간의 폐쇄적 정보교환 138
• 2) 기관 정보원의 저조한 이용 142
• 3) 매체 정보원의 적극적 활용 143
• Ⅵ. 북한이탈주민들의 정보빈곤 146
• 1. 정보빈곤의 양상 146
• 1) 사례를 통해 본 정보빈곤 실태 146
• 2) 정보빈곤의 구체적 유형 154
• 2. 정보빈곤 유발요인 157
• 1) 정보환경적 원인 157
• 2) 내재적 원인 171
• Ⅶ. 북한이탈주민의 정보복지를 위한 제언 184
• 1. 현행 정보지원체계의 혁신 184
• 1) 수요자 중심의 정보지원체계 184
• 2) 정보지원 기관간 상호협력 강화 197
• 3) 북한이탈주민 게이트키퍼의 발굴과 활용 200
• 2. 북한이탈주민의 정보화 수준 제고 208
• 1) 정보마인드의 함양 208
• 2) 정보활용능력의 배양 210
• Ⅷ. 결론 215
• 1. 연구의 요약 215
• 2. 연구의 한계와 제언 220
• 3. 연구를 마치면서 222
• 참고문헌 225
• 부록 235
• Abstracts 248