노인이 지각하는 가족관계가 자아존중감 및 삶의 만족도에 미치는 영향 = (The) Effect of Family Relationship Perceived by the Elderly on Their Self-Esteem and Life Satisfaction

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Nuclear family made appearance owing to rapid social changes and the ratio of the elderly who lived life separately from their sons and daughters in accordance with industrialization increased gradually to let the elderly feel psychologically isolated and alienated: And, generations had different education levels and sense of values to make spacial and psychological distance between generations and to create conflicts.
Such things deteriorated life quality of the elderly. However, the elderly who had strong relations with their family could overcome stress situation well to reduce problems made by social changes or absorb shock to adapt them to living life well. And, emotional support of the family had important influence upon life satisfactions of the elderly.
The subjects were the elderly who rapidly increased these days.
The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of family relationship perceived by the elderly upon their self-esteem and life satisfaction and to supply basic material that could help the elderly establish good and satisfactory family relations and to elevate life quality.
The study discussed following matters: Firstly, what relations did demographic characteristics have with family relationship at old age? Secondly, what influence did family relationship at old age have upon the elderly's self-esteem? Thirdly, what influence did family relationship at old age have upon the elderly's life satisfaction?
The subjects were the ones who were sixty years old or more to live in Cheongju. The author visited Do-welfare centers for the elderly, Si-welfare centers for the elderly, welfare villages for the elderly, halls for the elderly, central parks and home, etc to interview the elderly. And, the author collected 314 copies of the questionnaires and made use of 281 copies for investigation after excluding 33 copies of the questionnaires having no value.
To estimate family relationship, the study made use of 8 items of spouse relations, 8 items of adult sons and daughters relations and 6 items of grandsons and granddaughters relations based on family relation scales that Yoo Min-ji (2000) developed again to measure family relations. To estimate self-esteem, the study made use of 10 items based on the scale developed by Rosenberg(1972) and 14 items based on the scale that was developed by Neugarten, Havighurst and Tobin(1961) to translate it in accordance with actual conditions of Korea.
SPSS WIN 12.0 program was used. The study investigated material by frequency analysis, technical statistics and analysis, independent sample t-test, F-test, Duncan post-hoc test, simple correlated system analysis and multiple linear regression, etc.
The findings were as follows:
First, the difference of family relations varied in accordance with demographic characteristics: The family relations of the interviewee accounted for 3.9238 points in average to be relatively high. The background variables had influence upon family relationship of each area in accordance with demographic characteristics: The age group, academic background, monthly income, the standard of living, the ones who bears living expenses, family living in the same house, religions and major social activities, etc had significant difference: But, the gender, occupation, monthly income, marital status and health state, etc had not significant difference.
Second, family relationship of each area had influence upon self-esteem of the elderly after controlling the influence of demographic variables: The regression showed that relations with sons and daughters, spouse relations, the gender, occupations, health state, etc had significant influence. The regression line accounted for 37.5%.
Third, the study examined the effects of family relationship of each area upon life satisfaction by regression after controlling the influence of demographic variables: Relations with adult sons and daughters, spouse relations, the gender, occupation and health state, etc had significant influence. The regression line accounted for 34.5%.
When the elderly lived happy and satisfactory life at old age, family relationship perceived by the elderly had affirmative influence upon their self-esteem and life satisfaction. And, the elderly who perceived self-esteem highly had high life satisfaction. Therefore, the central government, local governments and families, etc were asked to jointly look for the ways elevating family relationship. The study suggested as follows:
First, a comprehensive support for all of family members was required. The government had family welfare policy to guarantee material benefits and give priority to the ones who needed protection: But, the government was demanded to adopt a comprehensive policy that could promote affirmative family relationship together with all of family members.
Second, new concept of spouse relations at old age was required. Old couples only lived life together for a long time so that they should share roles and hobbies each other to reestablish proper level of mutual reactions and to reinforce support system each other and to increase new concept of maintenance and termination of couple relations.
Third, relations with adult sons and daughters that were family relationship factors at old age had the greatest influence upon self-esteem and life satisfaction of the elderly: Therefore, not only old couples but also adult sons and daughters were asked to understand subjective relationship and features and to look for qualitative improvement of relationship.
Fourth, an intergenerational education was required to keep good family relations at old age.
Family relationship at old age could not be maintained with traditional values because of aging society, changed family structure and changed values, etc. Therefore, the central government, local governments and family members, etc should make efforts together to reestablish family relations at old age under changed situation: And, an education at schools and the society was required to understand relations between generations and to talk with family members and to love and keep good relations and to let the elderly live happy and comfortable life at old age. And, family relationship at old age required more systematic research.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목차 = ⅰ
• Ⅰ. 서론 = 1
• 1. 문제제기 및 연구목적 = 1
• 2. 연구의 문제 및 논문 구성 = 3
• 3. 연구의 제한점 = 4
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 = 6
• 1. 노년기 가족관계 = 6
• 2. 노년기의 자아존중감 = 16
• 3. 노년기의 삶의 만족도 = 20
• Ⅲ. 연구방법 = 25
• 1. 연구모형 = 25
• 2. 조사대상 및 자료수집 방법 = 26
• 3. 조사도구 = 26
• 4. 자료 분석 방법 = 28
• Ⅳ. 연구결과 및 분석 = 29
• 1. 조사결과의 개관 = 29
• 2. 인구통계학적 특성에 따른 가족관계, 자아존중감, 삶의 만족도의 차이 = 35
• 3. 영역별 가족관계가 자아존중감에 미치는 영향 = 58
• 4. 영역별 가족관계가 삶의 만족도에 미치는 영향 = 61
• Ⅴ. 요약 및 결론 = 66
• 참고문헌 = 72
• ABSTRACT = 78
• 설문지 [노인이 지각하는 가족관계가 자아존중감 및 삶의 만족도에 미치는 영향] = 83