본 연구는 다면 페르소나 검사를 개발하고, 정신건강과 페르소나의 발달간의 직접적인 관련성을 알아보는데 목적이 있었으며, 이를 위하여 연구는 3단계로 진행되었다. 연구 1에서는 Stone과 ...

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본 연구는 다면 페르소나 검사를 개발하고, 정신건강과 페르소나의 발달간의 직접적인 관련성을 알아보는데 목적이 있었으며, 이를 위하여 연구는 3단계로 진행되었다. 연구 1에서는 Stone과 ...
본 연구는 다면 페르소나 검사를 개발하고, 정신건강과 페르소나의 발달간의 직접적인 관련성을 알아보는데 목적이 있었으며, 이를 위하여 연구는 3단계로 진행되었다. 연구 1에서는 Stone과 Stone(1989a)의 주요 페르소나에 대한 정의를 근거로 다면 페르소나 검사를 개발하였다. 352문항의 예비검사가 구성되었으며, 문항분석과 요인분석을 통하여 171문항의 최종검사가 제작되었다. 이 검사는 9개의 페르소나 척도로 구성되고, 비판 페르소나 척도를 제외한 각 척도들의 요인이 2-3개로 수렴되었다. 각 척도의 내적 일치도 계수는 양호하였으며, 다른 대학생들을 대상으로 교차타당도와 확인적 요인분석을 하였는데, 그 결과 각 척도의 요인구조의 일관성과 적합성도 비교적 양호하였다.
연구 2에서는 일반인을 대상으로 페르소나와 정신건강(우울, 불안, 자존감, 자기개념, 분노감, 사회적 고립감)과의 관계를 알아보았으며, 연구 3에서는 우울증 환자와 알코올 의존 환자 및 일반인간의 페르소나 발달 차이를 비교하였다. 연구 2와 3의 결과, 비판 페르소나와 민감한 페르소나가 자기개념, 자존감 등의 자기 평가에서 뿐만 아니라 우울, 불안, 분노감, 사회적 고립감과 같은 부정적 정서 경험에 매우 중요한 역할을 하며, 우울증과 알코올의존 집단의 정서경험에도 매우 중요한 역할을 한다는 것이 밝혀졌다. 아울러 알코올 의존군과 우울증군의 심리적 특성이 많은 측면에서 유사하다는 것, 즉 알코올 의존군도 우울증군처럼 자존감이 떨어지고 민감하게 상처받기 쉽다는 것이 밝혀졌다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 제한점 및 추후연구에 대한 제언들이 이루어졌다.
다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)
The purpose of this study is to develop a multiphasic Persona inventory and investigate the relationship between Persona and mental health. The following research questions were established. First, which components is the Multiphasic Persona Inventor...
The purpose of this study is to develop a multiphasic Persona inventory and investigate the relationship between Persona and mental health. The following research questions were established.
First, which components is the Multiphasic Persona Inventory composed of and how are the validity and the reliability of the Inventory?
Second, what are the relationships between Persona development and mental health such as depression, anxiety, self-concept, self-esteem, anger and social isolation?
Third, which differences in Persona development are there between normals and psychiatric patients ― depression group and alcohol dependence group?
Three separate studies were conducted for the above research questions.
Study 1 was designed to develop the Persona Inventory. A total of 352 initial items were selected for this inventory. The number of the items was reduced to 252 items by doing the test of content validity. Two steps of data analysis were conducted. At the 1st, the data of 173 university students were analyzed by item-total correlations. The number of items was reduced to 217 items. At the 2nd, the data of 299 students were analyzed by item-total correlations and exploratory factor analyses. The final inventory which has a total of 171 items and nine Persona scales was made. Each Pesona scale has 19 items and 2 or 3 factors except the Critic Persona scale which has only one factor. And then, the data of 366 students were analyzed in order to test the reliablity and the validity for the final test. The reliablities (Cronbach's α) of nine Persona Scales ranged from .82 to .89, and the reliabilites (Cronbach's α) of the factors from .65 to .84. As results of conducting exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, the consistencies and fitnesses of factor structures were found to be moderately good.
Study 2 was conducted to answer the 2nd research question. After administered the Multiphasic Persona Inventory and the other questionaires for measuring depression, anxiety, self-concept, interpersonal anger, social isolation and self-esteem, the data of 366 subjects were analyzed by Pearson's correlation and Step-wise Multiple Regression.
Study 3 was conducted to answer the 3rd research question. The data of 44 normals, 42 alcoholic patients, and 44 depressive patients were analyzed by t-test, one-way ANOVA, MANOVA and Tukey test. The results of 2nd and 3rd studies were as follows.
First, the Critic, the Vulnerable Child, the Playful Child and the Protector-Controller Persona had significantly high correlations with depression score in sequent order. Only the correlation of the Playful Child was negative and other correlations were positive.
Second, the Vulnerable Child and the Critic had similiarly highest correlations with anxiety score. Also the Pusher, the Perfectionist, and the Pleaser Persona had significant correlations with it in sequent order.
Third, the Critic had the highest negative correlation with the scores of both self-concept and self-esteem, while the Playful Child had almost similiar positive correlation with them. Also the Power and the Pleaser Persona had significant correlations with them in sequent order.
Fourth, the Critic had the highest positive correlation with the score of interpersonal anger. Also the Pusher, the Vulnerable Child, the Perfectionist, the Facer, and the Power had significant correlations with it in sequent order.
Fifth, the Critic had the highest positive correlation with the score of social isolation. Also the Protector-Controller, the Facer, the Perfectionist, and the Vulnerable Child had significant correlations with it in sequent order. Sixth, the scores of the Critic, the Vulnerable Child, the Pusher, and the Perfectionist in both depressive and alcoholic group were significantly higher than in normals. The score differences in Persona scales between clinical and normal group were the highest in the Critic, and followed by the Vulnerable Child, the Pusher, and the Perfectionist Persona.
On the basis of the above results, The following conclusions were made. First, the Multiphasic Persona Inventory has moderately good reliablity and validity. Second, the Critic and the Vulnerable Child Persona are very important for our emotional experiences such as depression, anxiety, social isolation and anger. So it is strongly suggested that counsellors need to explore the Critic and the Vulnerable Child in the practice. Third, it is very important that counsellors have a supportive and motive-enhancing attitude toward alcoholic patients. Suggestions and limitations of this study were discussed, and some ideas for further research were proposed.
목차 (Table of Contents)
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