遠隔醫療에서 醫師의 責任原理

류화신(Hwa-Shin Ryoo) 한국비교사법학회 2005 比較私法 Vol.12 No.1

We are experiencing a fundamental change in delivery of health care today. A combination of information technology and medical care has given rise to a new type of medicine, i.e. telemedicine. Broadly defined, telemedicine is the transfer of electric medical data from one location to another. In order to facilitate the full-fledged development of telemedicine, it is particularly important that we dedicate ourselves to solving the legal problem. Korea is more or less retarded in amending the Medical Act to include the provisions of telemedicine and the Act came into force on March 30, 2002. According to article 30-2 of the Medical Act, telemedicine is to provide medical information or technique for the medical practitioner who is looking after a patient by means of the telecommunication such as computers and moving pictures. In connection with telemedicine, the problem is the medical malpractice. Paragraphs 3 and 4 of Article 30-2 are throughly examined and analysed. For example, Paragraphs 3 of Article 30-2 declares that a telemedical physician has an identical responsibility as the physician who consults a patient on a face-to-face basis. Paragraph 4 of the same Article says that if the fault is not evidently on the side of the consulting specialist, the physician who consults a patient on a face-to-face basis is responsible for the malpractice. This article discusses the liability regulation of telemedicine in medical law and provides brief assertions and theories in both facets of malpractice(breach-of-contract/torts) and transmission liability.

생명공학에 관한 주요 법률의 개정방안 연구

류화신 ( Hwa Shin Ryoo ) 한남대학교 과학기술법연구소 2009 과학기술법연구 Vol.14 No.2

This Research examines some problems of the domestic laws related to the biotechnology and schemes for improvement of it. This Research examines and reviews the status of the laws related to the domestic biotechnology under the new government systems constituted by the amalgamation and centralization of governmental organization in 2008. In addition, the Research also examines the status of the laws related to the domestic biotechnology in accordance with the purposes of the laws, such as support and promotion of the biotechnology, improvement of the biotechnological infrastructure, effective management of biotechnological results, and proper regulations on the industries related to the biotechnology. After examining the legislative statuses of laws related to the biotechnology, this Research analyzes problems of the domestic laws related to the biotechnology and schemes for improvement of it, such as Biotechnology Support Act, LMO Act, and Life Ethics Act. Suggested schemes for the improvement of domestic laws related to the biotechnology are as below: (1) Enhancement of national biotechnology policy control function. The “Council for Comprehensive Biotechnology Policy” under the Minister of Science and Technology needs to be changed to the “Council for the Biotechnology Policy Adjustment” under the Prime Minister in order to control the conflicts of interest or the unclearness of the department`s service sectors. And participation of the civil experts to the policy making process must be guaranteed. (2) Improvement of systems and controls of laws related to the biotechnology. Laws related to Biotechnology are better to be specialized in the biotechnology support act and the biotechnology regulation act. Establishment of “the Special Committee for Biotechnology Legislative Deliberation” under the Ministry of Legislation as an organization for the adjustment of laws related to biotechnology could be considered. (3) Adjustment of laws related to bio-fusion technology(such as BT+NT, BT+IT). (4) Needs of the Ministry of Legislation`s affirmative adjustments for the related laws and regulation. In order to adjust some inconsistencies of the laws related to biotechnology, the Ministry of Legislation needs to aspire to choose the subject related to biotechnology when the Ministry selects the subjects for the adjustment of laws and regulations.

줄기세포주 등록제도의 법적 분쟁을 둘러싼 법원 판단의 문제점 -대법원 2015. 6. 24. 선고 2013두24433 판결을 중심으로-

류화신 ( Ryoo Hwa-shin ),김민우 ( Kim Min-woo ) 홍익대학교 법학연구소 2016 홍익법학 Vol.17 No.4

2010년 5월, 황우석 박사는 2003년 4월에 수립한 `Sooam-hES1` 줄기세포주에 대하여 당시 생명윤리법에 근거하여 줄기세포주 등록을 신청하였다. 그러나 질병관리본부는 이 사건줄기세포주가 등록에 부적합하다는 이유로 신청을 반려하였다. 그러자 황우석 박사는 2010년 10월경 이 사건 처분에 대하여 이의신청을 하였고 질병관리본부가 이를 기각하자, 그해 11월경 질병관리본부를 상대로 줄기세포주 등록 반려처분 취소의 소를 제기하였다. 법원은 이 사건 줄기세포주 등록 신청 반려처분을 취소한다는 판결을 선고하였고, 이는 대법원에서 확정되었다. 그 후 2016년 11월, 질병관리본부는 그 등록을 허용하기로 이른다. 이러한 배경 하에서, 본 논문은 이미 수립된 배아줄기세포주의 등록과 관련한 윤리적ㆍ법적 문제를 대상으로 하여, 이 사건 처분을 둘러싼 법원의 입장 내지 판결 이유를 검토하고 법원의 판단에 아무런 문제점이 없는지를 살펴본다. 이를 위하여 줄기세포주 등록과 윤리와의 관계, 줄기세포주 등록제도의 도입 취지, 줄기세포주 등록의 법적 성격과 반려처분의 정당성 여부 등에 관하여 논의하고 있다. In May 2015, Professor Hwang Woo Suk applied for stem cell line registration for Sooam-hES1 stem cell line established in April 2003 based on the then Bioethics and Safety Act. However, the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reject the application, citing that the stem cell line of the case was inappropriate for registration. Then, Professor Hwang raised an appeal against the decision about October, 2010. As the KCDC dismissed it, he raised an action against the KCDC to cancel its rejection to the stem cell line registration in November of the year. The court ruled to cancel the rejection and the ruling was supported by the Supreme Court. In November, 2016, the KCDC permits its registration. In this background, this study focuses on the ethical and legal problems regarding the registration of already-established embryonic stem cell line and reviews the court`s stance about the CDC disposal and ground of ruling to see if there is any problem in court decision. To this end, this study discusses the relationship between stem cell line registration and ethics, purpose of introducing the stem cell line registration scheme, legal characteristics of stem cell line registration, legitimacy of the rejection, etc.

의료분쟁과 화해 -체계적인 의사소통과정을 통한 자율적 분쟁처리-

류화신 ( Hwa Shin Ryoo ) 한국의료윤리학회 2006 한국의료윤리학회지 Vol.9 No.2

This paper examines the relationship between poor physician-patient communication and litigation. The most important factor leading to a compromise in a medical dispute following an adverse event is a match between what the patient wants and what the physician provides. The following recommendations, based on the pew demonstration mediation and ADR project in Pensylvania hospitals, are given: 1) that physicians and other health care professionals develop an awareness of the communications skills most likely to be useful during disclosure conversations; 2) that hospitals recruit or train in-house experts available as consultants to aid in planning, conducting, and debriefing disclosure conversations; 3) that hospitals encourage physicians, patient safety officers, and risk managers to spend time planning before conducting disclosure conversations; 4) that physicians, hospital representatives, and other health care providers offer an appropriate apology after an adverse event or error; 5) that hospitals and senior physicians provide opportunities for debriefing and support for health care professionals after an error; 6) that hospitals use mediation as soon as practical after an adverse event to settle potential claims. Taking steps to improve disclosure conversations and using alternatives to litigating medical malpractice claims will help hospitals reduce costs, improve patient safety, and restore trust.

임상시험 법률관계에서 미성년자 동의능력의 문제

류화신 ( Hwa Shin Ryoo ) 한국의료윤리학회 2009 한국의료윤리학회지 Vol.12 No.2

This article examines some of the legal issues associated with consent and the competence of minors. A study was designed to evaluate the self-decisions of competent minors who are regarded as vulnerable subjects. The study begins with the Grimes Case(Grimes versus Kennedy Krieger Institute, Inc., 2001), which has established some special relationship between research institutes and human subjects. Since minors do not have the legal competence to complete a contract without the consent of their parents there is a conflict between the consent of parents as guardians and that of minors as self-decision makers. This article argues that the self-decisions of competent minors should take precedence over parental rights and that the authority of parents should be restricted. The article discusses the role of IRBs in protecting the consent of the competent minors.

국립대학병원 설치 규율과 관련한 주요 논의에 대한 검토

류화신(Ryoo, Hwa-Shin) 충북대학교 법학연구소 2008 法學硏究 Vol.19 No.2

This paper examines some problems of regulations related on the establishment of national university hospital and the competent authorities of it. This study stars to discuss that legal definition of ths public health and medicine which is prescribed in "The law on the public health and medicine". This study also reviews the status of this public health and medical institution under the public health system. Then the study examines the similarity of purpose and contents of regulations related on the establishment of Seoul National University Hospital and regulations related on the establishment of national university hospital. So, I assert that regulations related on the establishment of Seoul National University Hospital are ought to be abolished and incorporated into regulations related on the establishment of national university hospital. And this paper reviews the competent authorities on national university hospital including Seoul National University Hospital will transfer to Ministry for Health, welfare and family affairs.

의사의 전문가책임 : 진료과오를 중심으로

류화신 ( Hwa Shin Ryoo ) 대한민사법학회 2007 민사법연구 Vol.15 No.2

의료상 비밀 누설에 대한 법적 평가

류화신(Ryoo, Hwa Shin) 충북대학교 법학연구소 2010 과학기술과 법 Vol.1 No.2

Medical treatment depends on sincere and complete disclosures from patients. They expect that health professional not to breach the confidentiality. The medical law imposes upon health professionals a general legal duty to maintain patient confidentiality. The definition of confidentiality is used: a situation is confidential when information revealing that harmful acts have been or possibly will be performed is consciously or voluntarily passed from one rationally competent person (confider) to another (confident) in the understanding that this information shall not be further disclosed without the confider′ explicit consent. This study discusses how a medical professional is responsible for divulging confidential information of the female patient by main issues, summary of decision, and reasoning of the court decision. Moreover, I examine the problem of exclusion causes of illegality and mistake of law in the physician's criminal act.

유전공학의 발전과 민사책임 문제

류화신 ( Hwa Shin Ryoo ) 법조협회 2007 法曹 Vol.56 No.5

유전공학은 21세기 산업``혁명``에 비유되고 있듯이 우리 사회에 엄청난 영향력을 미치고 있는 신생 기술이다. 유전공학의 광범위한 유용성과 더불어 제기되는 특수한 위험성은 우리에게 새로운 법적 규율을 요구한다. 특히 위험은 후에 책임을 부담시키는 손해로 발전될 수 있다는 의미에서 법적으로도 중요한 의미를 가진다. 유전공학의 불확실성은 유전공학 분야에서 전통적인 민사책임의 규율원리와 다른 규율원리가 요청되는 계기를 만들고 있다. 즉, 유전공학분야도 새로운 기술관련 분야의 경우와 같이 특정한 위험원의 실현에 대해 유책성과 무관하게 책임을 부담하게 하는 ``위험책임`` 원리가 해결방안으로서 요청되고 있다. 유전공학 위험책임은 당시의 과학·기술 수준에 의해서 인식하지 못했던 ``개발위험``까지도 책임부과의 대상으로 포괄한다. 신생기술인 유전공학에서 개발위험은 오히려 일차적이고도 근본적인 위험이라고 할 수 있다. 유전공학에서 위험책임원리가 요청되는 데에는 유전공학의 특수성이 가장 중요한 몫을 차지하고 있다. 유전공학의 특수성은 생물체의 유전자를 원하는 대로 절단하고 조작하고 봉합하고 이식하는 과정에서 생물체라는 살아있는 물질을 가지고 작업한다는 점에서 비롯되는 것이다. 따라서 본 논문은 책임성립과 관련하여, 유전공학 위험책임, 생물체·유전공학작업 등의 적용범위, 피해자의 인과관계 증명문제 등을 검토하였으며, ``유전공학적으로 변형된 생물체의 특성``을 책임원인으로 한 우리나라 유전공학 위험책임 입법론을 제안하고 있다.

혈액제제로 인한 HIV 감염과 손해배상책임

류화신(Hwa Shin Ryoo)(柳和伸) 위기관리 이론과 실천 2011 Crisisonomy Vol.7 No.5

본 논문은 혈액을 원료로 하는 의약품, 즉 혈액제제로 인한 HIV(인간 면역결핍 바이러스, AIDS의 발병원인) 감염 문제에 대한 법적 쟁점을 다루고 있다. 한국혈우재단 등록 당시 HIV 검사에서 음성이던 B형 혈우병 환자들 중 12명이 1991년과 1993년 사이에 HIV 감염으로 진단되었으며, 2002년 9월 혈우병 환자들의 이러한 감염 원인이 국내 혈액응고제제 때문이라는 한 대학교수의 논문이 신문에 보도되면서 사회문제화 되었고, 그러한 환자측이 제약회사인 녹십자를 상대로 손해배상소송을 제기하였다. 본 사건은 2008년 1월 대법원에 상고되어 2011년 5월 현재 재판연구 중이다. 본 사건 자체도 장기미제사건이지만, 혈우병 환자의 HCV 감염으로 인한 타 소송에도 영향을 미쳐 당해 항소심 판단이 미뤄지고 있다. 이 사건의 핵심은 민법 제750조에 근거한 불법행위책임 성립요건으로서 제약회사의 과실 여부와 감염 원고들의 이 사건 혈액제제로 인한 AIDS 감염 여부, 구체적으로는 혈액관리에 있어서 고도의 주의의무의 내용과 인과관계 추정 여부에 따른 인과관계 증명 문제이다. 인과관계 부분에서 제1심 법원은 추정 이론을 도입하여 일부 감염 원고에 대한 손해배상청구권이 인정되면서 더 나아가 소멸시효 부분이 검토되었으나, 이 사건 항소심에서는 인과관계 성립이 부정되어 손해배상청구 자체가 성립되지 않았다. 본 논문에서는 약화사고 역시 전문적이고 기술적인 영역이므로 일반인의 원인 규명이 곤란하다는 문제점과 그에 따른 인과관계 증명완화 이론이 적용되어야 한다는 점이 강조되었다. 그리고 오염된 의약품으로 인하여 피해자에게 생명을 위협하는 치명적인 바이러스 감염 상태가 현존하는 한, 의약품을 개발하여 제조·공급하는 제약회사의 소멸시효 항변은 제한되어지거나, AIDS 질병의 특성상 HIV 감염으로 인한 손해배상채권의 소멸시효가 장기가 될 수 있도록 당해 소멸시효 규정을 해석할 것을 제안하였다. This study discusses main issues about AIDS infection of hemophiliacs caused by blood product. This contains summary of decision, and reasoning of the an appeal court(2005Na69245) and original court(2003Gahap1999) on that. According to article 750 of the Civil Law, the victim can demand damages if he prove cause and effect relationship besides the negligence of the wrongdoer. Under the traditional civil procedure law theory, most victims have much trouble with proving the causation in medicine accident, especially virus infection problem. And the appeal court turned down the lawsuit, saying the plaintiff's right to claim damages have already expired. I assert that those decisions cause the critical and embarrassing problem in the victim protection principle and legitimacy of the law. So, this study reviews the introduction of theory to relieve the burden of proof and a long-period sunset in substance for the benefit of victim.