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Cho, Yong‐,Chan,Kim, Han‐,Gyul,Koo, Bon‐,Yeol,Shin, Jae‐,Kwon Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 2019 Restoration ecology Vol.27 No.1
<P>To assess the effectiveness of conservation‐based transplantation of the endangered orchid (<I>Cypripedium japonicum</I>), we compared the morphology, physiology, stem‐count change, and population viability of natural versus transplanted populations undergoing habitat management (repeated removal of competing understory vegetation) between 2009 and 2015 in South Korea. The restored site had lower transmitted light and soil humidity than the natural site. The natural and transplanted populations differed in leaf morphology and total chlorophyll content (natural: 1.00 ± 0.04, restored: 0.53 ± 0.06). No recruitment occurred during the monitoring period. Population viability tended to decrease in the restored population (<I>λ</I><SUB>G</SUB> = 0.97, <I>μ</I> = −0.05, <I>σ</I><SUP>2</SUP> = 0.036) and increase in the natural population (<I>λ</I><SUB>G</SUB> = 1.07, <I>μ</I> = 0.03, <I>σ</I><SUP>2</SUP> = 0.075). The repeated removal of competing understory vegetation had different effects on leaf traits, abundance, and reproductive properties of the endangered orchids in both populations. Notably, habitat management increased the stem count and flowering rate in natural <I>C. japonicum</I> but did not increase the fruit‐setting rate. Thus, despite repeated habitat management efforts (removal of competing understory vegetation), we conclude that the population viability of transplanted populations of the endangered orchid <I>C. japonicum</I> had poor long‐term viability compared with naturally occurring populations, a difference that is mainly attributed to inappropriate transplant‐site selection.</P>
Sakurai, Takeo,Kobayashi, Jun,Kinoshita, Kyoko,Ito, Nozomi,Serizawa, Shigeko,Shiraishi, Hiroaki,Lee, Jeong-Hoon,Horiguchi, Toshihiro,Maki, Hideaki,Mizukawa, Kaoruko,Imaizumi, Yoshitaka,Kawai, Toru,Suz Wiley Periodicals 2013 Environmental toxicology and chemistry Vol.32 No.9
<P>The authors investigated the kinetics of transfer of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) from water, suspended sediment, and bottom sediment to a marine benthic fish, the marbled flounder (<I>Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae</I>). Fish were exposed in 3 treatments to PFOS in combinations of these exposure media for 28 d and then depurated for 84 d. A major part (37–66%) of PFOS in the fish was in the carcass (i.e., whole body minus muscle and internal organs). Three first-order-kinetic models that differed in exposure media, that is, 1) sum of dissolved and particulate phases and sediment; 2) dissolved phase, particulate phase, and sediment; and 3) dissolved phase only, were fitted to the data assuming common rate constants among the treatments. The uptake efficiency of dissolved PFOS at the respiratory surfaces was estimated to be 3.2% that of oxygen, and the half-life of PFOS in the whole body to be 29 d to 31 d. The better fit of models 1 and 2 and the values of the estimated uptake rate constants suggested that the PFOS in suspended and bottom sediments, in addition to that dissolved in water, contributed to the observed body burden of the fish. Based on an evaluation of several possible contributing factors to the uptake of PFOS from suspended and bottom sediments, the authors propose that further investigation is necessary regarding the mechanisms responsible for the uptake. <I>Environ Toxicol Chem</I> 2013;32:2009–2017. © 2013 The Authors. <I>Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry</I> Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc., on behalf of SETAC. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.</P>
Oh, In‐,Sue,Blau, Gary,Han, Joo Hun,Kim, Seongsu Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 2017 Human Resource Management Vol.56 No.2
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Human resource (HR) managers’ commitment to their occupation (HR) leads to the proper delivery and implementation of HR practices and, therefore, is deemed as a critical factor for the success of HR practices. Based on sociocognitive, human capital, and signaling theories, this study examines: (a) HR managers’ own and their chief HR officer's (CHRO) HR‐specific human capital as antecedents of their commitment to HR, and (b) the mediating mechanism through which the CHRO’s HR‐specific human capital positively influences HR managers’ commitment to HR. Based on 146 HR managers from 146 organizations in South Korea, the findings of the current study suggest that HR managers with higher levels of HR‐specific human capital and those working with CHROs with higher levels of HR‐specific human capital tend to have higher levels of commitment to HR. In addition, CHROs with higher levels of HR‐specific human capital positively influence HR managers’ commitment to HR by signaling to them that HR and its function are valued and cared about by their organizations. Theoretical and practical implications of this study are discussed along with study limitations and further research directions. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</P>
Han, Joo Hun,Liao, Hui,Taylor, M. Susan,Kim, Seongsu Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 2018 Human Resource Management Vol.57 No.5
<P>This study integrates strategic human resource management (SHRM) and transformational leadership (TFL) literatures to address gaps in each of the two literatures. Building on the concept of strategically targeted HRM systems and the contingency perspective in SHRM, we propose that an organization's high‐performance work system (HPWS) affects team managers' TFL, and that the emergence of TFL and the effectiveness of TFL on team performance are contingent on organizational adaptation and efficiency orientations. Analyses of multilevel data from 179 teams in 44 organizations revealed a positive relationship between HPWS and TFL, which was positively and negatively moderated by adaptation and efficiency orientations, respectively. Further, TFL was positively related to team performance and negatively moderated by efficiency orientation. Finally, the results supported a multilevel, moderated mediation effect with the indirect effect of HPWS on team performance via TFL varying significantly as a function of adaptation and efficiency orientations. Implications for the SHRM and leadership literatures and practice are discussed.</P>
MONEY TRANSFER AND BIRTH WEIGHT: EVIDENCE FROM THE ALASKA PERMANENT FUND DIVIDEND
Chung, Wankyo,Ha, Hyungserk,Kim, Beomsoo Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 2016 ECONOMIC INQUIRY Vol.54 No.1
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>The positive relationship between income and health is well established. However, the direction of causality remains unclear: do economic resources influence health, or vice versa? Exploiting a new source of exogenous income variation, this study examines the impact of the Alaska Permanent Fund Dividend (APFD) on newborns' health outcomes. The results show that income has a significantly positive, but modest effect on birth weight. We find that an additional <TEX>$1,000 ($</TEX>2,331 in 2011 dollars) increases birth weight by 17.7 g and substantially decreases the likelihood of a low birth weight (a decrease of around 14% of the sample mean). Furthermore, the income effect is higher for less‐educated mothers. Based on a gestation‐weight profile in the sample, increased gestation owing to the APFD could explain a maximum of 34%–57% of the measured weight increase, although we are unable to examine all the potential mechanisms. (<I>JEL</I> I10, I18, I12)</P>
MEASURING EFFORT INCENTIVES IN A TOURNAMENT WITH MANY PARTICIPANTS: THEORY AND APPLICATION
Han, Chirok,Kang, Changhui,Lee, Sam‐,Ho Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 2016 ECONOMIC INQUIRY Vol.54 No.2
<P>This article provides an empirical measure to compare incentive effects of different tournament structures. Although there have been many theoretical attempts to analyze incentive effects of a tournament competition, empirical applications are limited as the provided conditions cannot easily be empirically observed. We show that the empirical density of the performance distribution can be used to measure effort incentives in a tournament with many participants. We apply this method to evaluate the grading policy change in the 2008 College Scholastic Ability Test in South Korea. (<I>JEL</I> C70, C51)</P>
Kennerson, Marina L.,Kim, Eun J.,Siddell, Anna,Kidambi, Aditi,Kim, Sung M.,Hong, Young B.,Hwang, Sun H.,Chung, Ki W.,Choi, Byung‐,Ok Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 2016 Journal of the peripheral nervous system Vol.21 No.1
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease (CMT) is the most common inherited peripheral neuropathy. Mutations in the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isoenzyme 3 (<I>PDK3</I>) gene have been found to cause X‐linked dominant CMT type 6 (CMTX6). This study identified the p.R158H <I>PDK3</I> mutation after screening 67 probable X‐linked CMT families. The mutation fully segregated with the phenotype, and genotyping the family indicated the mutation arose on a different haplotype compared with the original Australian CMTX6 family. Results of bisulphite sequencing suggest that methylated deamination of a CpG dinucleotide may cause the recurrent p.R158H mutation. The frequency of the p.R158H <I>PDK3</I> mutation in Koreans is very rare. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed fatty infiltration involving distal muscles in the lower extremities. In addition, fatty infiltrations were predominantly observed in the soleus muscles, with a lesser extent in tibialis anterior muscles. This differs from demyelinating CMT1A patients and is similar to axonal CMT2A patients. The clinical, neuroimaging, and electrophysiological findings from a second CMTX6 family with the p.R158H <I>PDK3</I> mutation were similar to the axonal neuropathy reported in the Australian family.</P>