Issues and Directions in the Environmental Policies in Korea

Kim, Myung Ja 숙명여자대학교 환경과학연구센터 1996 환경과학논문집 Vol.4 No.-

90년대 한국의 사회문제 가운데 가장 시급하고도 까다로운 난제인 환경문제에 관해, 한국 환경 문제의 특성, 80년대와 90년대의 환경정책의 기조와 흐름과 변화, 최근의 동향과 앞으로의 환경 정책의 방향설정을 중심으로 논의함으로써, 21세기 지속가능한 발전에 대비하는 환경정책의 방향과 비전을 살피고자 한다. 한국의 환경정책은 모든 요소를 총망라하고 있으나, 실천적 전략과 대안은 구체화돼 있지 못하다. 그리고, 어차피 대번에 해결할 수 없는 것이라면 우선성의 문제도 중요한 이슈가 될 것인데, 여기에는 조사분석평가가 체계적으로 뒷받침돼야 할 것이다. 그리고 명분상으로는 오염예방 전략이 크게 강조되고 있으나, 그 효율적 운영이 미흡하고, 환경위해성에 대한 과학적 정보의 구축과 활용도 초보단계라 시급히 보강돼야 할 것이다. 또한 관련부서간의 유기적ㆍ종합적 협조를 이루고 국민적 합의를 도출해내는 능력의 확보가 절실히 요구된다.

각종 음용수 수질의 특징

신호상 숙명여자대학교 환경과학연구센터 1996 환경과학논문집 Vol.4 No.-

물은 생체의 중요한 구성성분이며 생활에 필수적인 물질이기도 하다. 물의 질을 단순히 평가하기는 어려우나 물중에 포함되어 있는 여러 화학적 물질로서 특징지어 이를 토대로 먹는물들을 비교하고자 한다. 건강에 유해한 물질, 건강을 위해 필요로 하는 물질, 물의 맛에 영향을 주는 물질을 구분하여 수돗물, 먹는샘물 그리고 정수기에 의해 걸러진 물을 비교 설명하려 한다.

Appropriate Advanced Water Treatment Processes for Korea

Lee, Sang Eun 숙명여자대학교 환경과학연구센터 1996 환경과학논문집 Vol.4 No.-

Characterization of biphenyl biodegradation, and regulation of biphenyl catabolism in Alcaligenes xylosoxydans

Lee, Na-Ri,On, Hwa-Young,Min, Kyung-Hee 숙명여자대학교 환경과학연구센터 1996 환경과학논문집 Vol.4 No.-

A strain of Alcaligenes xylosoxydans SMN3 capable of utilizing biphenyl was isolated from the sewage. This strain grew not only on biphenyl, phenol, and benzoate, but also on salicylate. The ca-tabolism of biphenyl and salicylate is interrelated, since benzoate is common metabolic in­termediates of biphenyl and salicylate. Enzyme levels in the extracts of benzoate­grown stain SMN3 cells clearly showed that benzoate induced catechol 2,3­oxygenase which in meta­cleavage enzyme of catechol, not induced catechol 1,2­oxygenase. All the oxidative enzymes of biphenly and 2,3­dihydroxybiphenyl (23DHBP) degradative pathways were induced when the cells were grown on bi­phenly or saliclyate, respectively. Biphenyl can be common inducer in the oxidation of biphenyl and 2,3­dihydroxybiphenyl, in addition salicylate was also good inducer for the 2,3­dihydroxybiphenyl dioxygenase. The two metabolic pathways for the degradation of biphenyl and salicylate are induced after growth on either biphenyl of salicylate, suggesting a common regulatory element. However, benzoate cannot induce the enzymes responsible for the oxidation of these compounds. It was clear­ly shown that biphenyl and salicylate were good inducers for indigo formation due to the activity of biphenyl dioxygenase. The strains of several bacteria that oxidize hydrocarbons including biphenyl to cis­dihydrodiols also oxidize indole to indigo. Our results suggest that indigo formation is due to the combined activities of tryptophanase and biphenyl dioxygenase.

톨루엔의 급성 흡입이 마우스의 자발운동량에 미치는 영향

표명윤,주은영 숙명여자대학교 환경과학연구센터 1996 환경과학논문집 Vol.4 No.-

To investigate the effects of acute toluene exposure on the spontaneous locomotor activity. Female ICR mice were exposed for varying periods of time(10, 20, 30min)to 10,000ppm toluene and were tested at intervals during and after exposure. The spontaneous locomotor activity was markedly de­creased at high dose(10,000ppm) toluene inhalation. Rapidity of recovery was dependent upon the time of inhalation.

Cloning of catBCIJFD Genes for Catechol Degradation into Chromosomal pobA and Genetic Stability of the Recombinant Acinetobacter calcoaceticus

Jeong, Eun Ye,Ornston, L. Nicholas,Choi, Sang Ho 숙명여자대학교 환경과학연구센터 1996 환경과학논문집 Vol.4 No.-

A possible obstacle in the development of hybrid strains of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus by the introduction of a metabolic pathywa into the chromosome is genetic instability of the resulting recombinant strains. Therefore, the possibility that the pobA gene can be sued as a chromosomal cloning site where the transposed genes can be maintained and expressed, was explored in the present study, For this purposed, two model hybrid strains of A. calcoaceticus were created, in which a DNA fragment carrying catBCIJFD genes for catabolic degradation of catechol was inserted into pobA in opposite direction of each other, and their genetic stabilities were experimentally examined. Our data demonstrated that the stability of the genes neighboring the insertions depends on the orientations of the insertions. Also, the data further indicated that the functional metabolic pathways introduced into the pobA can be expressed successfully as far as the insertion is engineered in an appropriate way. Concurrently, it was also proposed that the pobA can used as a chromosomal cloning site, and that introduction of an useful metabolic pathway into the pobA may offer considerably promise to the construction of hybrid strain with improved metabolic capabilities.

Strategies for the application of genetically modified bacteria in corp protection

van Elsas, J.D.,van Overbeek, L.S. 숙명여자대학교 환경과학연구센터 1996 환경과학논문집 Vol.4 No.-

Genetically modified bacteria can be used for several different purposes in agronomy, but a major constraint still frustrating their wide­scale use is a lack of predictability of their efficacy. Environmental triggering of target gene expression might resolve part of this problem. Hence, different factors in bulk and rhizosphere soil which affect bacterial activity and might be useful as natural triggers are discussed in the light of the complexity of these two soil compartments. The use of tran-sposon­based promoter probe insertions to obtain environmentally induced expression of beneficial genes for use in biological control as well as impairment of survival is discussed. Pseudomonas flu-orescens promoters reacting to wheat root exudates identified are described. One insertion mutant of P. fluorescens, RIWE8, was specifically induced by proline. In soil microcosms, induction of gene expression was shown to be restricted to the rhizospheres of wheat, maize and grass. Activity of the reporter was also revealed in bacteria residing in the rhizospheres of field­grown wheat, but only between 2 and 4 weeks post­planting. Possibilities for using the promoters for the induction of expression of beneficial biocontrol genes are considered.

Construction of Genetically Engineered Microorganisms for Overexpression of xylE Gene Responsible for Catechol 2,3-dioxygenase and its Functional Stability of the Genetic Recombinant Plasmid pSW3a in Aquatic Environment

Han, Hyo-Yung,Min, Kyung Hee 숙명여자대학교 환경과학연구센터 1996 환경과학논문집 Vol.4 No.-

The regulation of xylE gene expression was examined by using vector promoter and construction of genetically engineered microorganisms(GEMs) for application in microcosm. When the xylE gene was subcloned into pBluscript SK(+)under the control of lac promoter pTY1 in E. coli, enzyme ac­tivities of catechol 2,3­dioxygenase were increased by 4.7 times more in the crude extracts from transformants. harboring pTY1 grown in the presence of IPTG. We suggest that xylE gene has int­ernal own promoter at the upstream portion, because it was able to be expressed in the absence of IPTG. A recombinant plamid, pSW3a, was constructed for overexpression of xylE gene in pET3a vector, showing the activity of 14.5 units/㎎ protein, higher than that of parental strain, E. coli PYT1. The xylE gene in pSW3a was used for reporter gene for the application in microcosm ecosystem, since it was used as detection of xylE­positive clones by catechol spray on the agar plates. The PSW3a in E. coli was introduced into Pseudomonas putida to construct GEM strain and examined for the expression and functional stability in microcosms.

八當댐 湛水水域의 植物 플랑크톤에 관한 硏究 : Ⅱ.植物 플랑크톤 種 組成의 變化 Ⅱ.The Changes of Phytoplankton Species Composition

張允卿,全淑禮 숙명여자대학교 환경과학연구센터 1996 환경과학논문집 Vol.4 No.-

Changes of phytoplankton species composition in the Paldang Dam Reservoir were investigated and compared with the data reported since the construction of the Paldang Dam in 1972. Collections were made at four stations in the Paldang Dam Reservoir from April 1994 to October 1995. Diatoms were not included in this report. A total of 112 taxa belonging to 6 phyla, 7 classes, 11 orders, 22 families, 54 genera, 107 species and 5 varieties. The most abundant algal group was Chloro-phyta with 88 taxa, followed by Cyanophyta with 9 taxa, 5 taxa of Chrysophyta without diatoms. 4 taxa each of Euglenophyta and Pyrrhophyta and 2 taxa of Cryptophyta. Species of Chlorophyta such as Pandorina morum, Chlorella vulgaris, Coenococcus planctonicus, Scenedesmus maximus, Scenedesmus grahneisii, Coelastrum polychordum, Micractinium pusillum, Dictyosphaerium anomal-lum dominated during the spring and summer in 1994. Species of Cyanophyta; Anabaena spiroides, Merismopedia tenuissima, Aphanocapsa sp. were abundant from June to August. The total cell number was highest in August 1994 and dropped sharply in October which became lowest in December through February, then gradually increased from April to August. Aphanocapsa, Merismopedia, Oscillatoria, Coelastrum and Scenedesmus contributed t the highest cell number in August 1994. The dominant algal group during 1980’s was Bacillariophyceae but Chlorophyta and Cyanophyta increased rapidly and shifted the component of dominant species from Ba­cillariophyceae to Bacillariophyceae­Chlorophyta and Cyanophyta complex in 1990’s. This indicates the gradual eutrophication of the Paldang Dam Reservoir.

Isolation and Characterization of Diverse Biphenyl/PCB-Utilizing Bacteria

Chung, Seon-Yong,Song, Eun,Toshiaki Kudo 숙명여자대학교 환경과학연구센터 1996 환경과학논문집 Vol.4 No.-