濟州道 三陽沿岸海域의 海洋環境學的 硏究 : 水溫, 鹽分 및 溶存酸素의 分布 The distributional characteristics of temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen

楊城基 濟州大學校 海洋資源硏究所 1984 해양과환경연구소 연구논문집 Vol.8 No.-

1983年 2月부터 11月까지 每月 三陽沿岸海域에서 調査된 海洋觀測結果로부터 三陽沿岸水의 季節別 受蘊, 鹽分 및 溶存酸素의 分布特性을 把握하였다. 三陽沿岸海域에는 年中 外洋水보다 低溫, 低鹽인 三陽 特有의 沿岸水가 形成되어 沿岸으로부터 약 1 ㎞ 外陽까지 表層을 덮으면서 擴張하고 있으며, 그 勢力은 夏季에 가장 發達하고 있다. 그러나 中 底層에서는 對馬暖流 등의 영향을 받고 있는 高溫, 高鹽의 外洋水가 沿岸으로 接近하여 沿岸水와의 사이에 현저한 前線域을 形成하고 있으나, 冬季에는 全 海域의 上·下層이 거의 均質한 混合水로 된다. 夏季에 降水 등에 의한 多量의 陸水流入으로 沿岸水는 28.5℃의 水溫과 27.9‰의 極低鹽水로 되며, 冬季에는 外洋水의 영향으로 13℃와 34.7‰을 나타내고 있다. 또한, 春 夏季의 溶存酸素量은 沿岸水이 外洋보다 약 0.3㎖/ℓ(5%) 높은 5.5∼6.5㎖/ℓ였다. 周年을 통한 鉛直混合層이 表層으로부터 沿岸域에서는 20m層까지, 外洋은 30m層까지 形成되며, 夏季의 外洋域에서는 비교적 安定된 成層海洋을 나타내고 있으나 三陽과 新村浦口의 앞 海域에는 淺海潮汐前線이 形成되고 있다. The seasonal distribution and characteristics of temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen on the coast of Samyang were studied based on the oceanographic data compiled from February to November of 1983. The peculiar coastal sea water of the area was annually formed by the temperature and salinity lower than open sea water, and it was extended to about 1 Km off the coast, covering only the surface layer and such a phenomenon was most developed in summer, And then, the open sea water was strenuously appoached to the coast in winter, particularly, at middle and bottom layer mainly influenced by Tsushima warm current and it formed vertically homogeneous water owing to the strong wind and tidal current. In summer, the sea surface temperature and salinity of coastal water were 28.5℃ and 29.7% by inflowing of much fresh water, while in winter they were, 13℃ and 34.7%, respectively. Mean value of dissolved oxygen concentrated at surface layer of the coastal water during the period Feb. -June was 5.5-6.5㎖/ℓ, and it was higher than open sea water by about 0.3㎖/ℓ(3%). Through out the year, vertical mixing layer influenced by wind and tidal current in the coastal area was formed at depth of 20m and it was deeper at open sea area about 10m depth that of the area, but comparatively stable stratification was seen at the open sea area in summer. The shallow tidal front was found near the enterance of Samyang and Shinchon.

제주도 해양생물의 지방명 : 1. 조류 1. Algae

李祺完 濟州大學 海洋資源硏究所 1981 해양과환경연구소 연구논문집 Vol.5 No.-

濟州地域에서 흔히 보이는 海藻 45種에 對하여 地方名을 調査하였다. 이들 中 11種은 綠藻類이고 17種은 褐藻類, 그리고 나머지 17種은 紅藻類였다. 食用으로 利用되는 海藻가 파래, 청각, 넓패, 개미역쇠, 미역쇠, 넓미역, 갈래곰보, 꼬시래기, 서실 등으로 제일 많았고, 그 밖에 工業原이 되는 海藻로서 알긴산의 원료인 감태, 모자반類가 있고, 한천원으로 쓰이는 우뭇가사리, 개우무 등이 있었으며, 간혹 料로 利用되는 種類(도박, 풀가사리, 진두발)가 있다. 특기 할만 한 種은 구멍갈래로서 돼지의 사료로 利用한다. In Korea, marine algae are not well known food materials compare with terrestrial vegetables, although several algae, such as Porphyra, Laminaria, Undaria pinnatifida, are most favorite foods by the way of rice roll, fry and Korean style soup(Miyeoggug). But recognition of marine algac are changed progressively from seaweeds to seavegetables with understanding. It is very inconvinient, in Jeju Island, on the ground of that islander used local names commonly and the names are not same to areas, north, south, east, and west. It is so inconvinienent for work this field that there has been for a arrengement of local algal names for convinience of commereial currency and administrative affairs, etc. The author listed up the local names on the fourty-five algae, most commonly found in Jeju Island (Quealpart Island). Among of them, 11 species belong to green algae(Chlorophyta), 17 species to brown alage(Phaeophyta), and the other 17 species to red algae(Rhodophyta). Nineteen species of algae are favorite human food materials out of fourty-five listed algae (e.g. Monostroma nitidum, Enteromoroha spp., Codium fragile, Ishige foliacea, Petalonia fascia, Endarachne binghamiae, Undaria pinnatifida, U. peterseniana, Meristotheca papulosa, Gracilaria verrucosa, Chondria crassicaulis, etc.), some of them are useful for industrial materials for alginic acid(e.g. Ecklonia cava, Sargassum spp.) and agar-agar(e.g. Gelidium spp., Pterocladia spp.) or seldomly used for paste materials(e.g. Pachymeniopsis spp., Gloiopelis tenax, Chondrus spp.). Remarkably, one species of green alage, Ulva pertusa, used for fodder of pig, and drited Sargassum on the shore are used for soil dressing especially in orange farm. In this paper following abbreviation were used: Am; America, Brit; British Chi; China, Eng; English, Fr; France, Ger; German, Lce; lceland, In; Indonesia, Jap; Japan, Lat; Latin, Phil; Philippin.

冬季 西歸浦 沿岸의 海洋環境과 海水流動의 特性

楊城基 濟州大學校 海洋資源硏究所 1985 해양과환경연구소 연구논문집 Vol.9 No.-

1983年 12月부터 1984年 1月까지 西歸浦 沿岸域에서 실시한 海洋觀測資科와 測流 및 海流板追跡實險을 通하여 冬季 海洋還境과 海水流動을 調査한 結果는 다음과 같다. 1. 西歸浦 沿岸水의 확정범우가 夏季와는 거의 反對로 表層에서는 鳥島와 蚊島 사이의 海域까지, 底層은 蚊島와 森島를 연결하는 海域까지이고, 이들 海域에서 海洋前線이 형성되고 있다. 2. 冬季 西歸浦 沿岸域은 大氣와 地表面의 강한 冷却效果, 比西季節風에 의한 連吹效果 및 潮流에 의한 上·下層水의 水平 및 鉛層混合으로 表·底層間의 理化學的 持性이 거의 均質하며, 南東海域으로부터 水溫 19℃이상, 鹽分 34.3% 이상, 透明度 14m인 外洋水가 流軸을 形成하면서 沿岸域으로 流入되고 있다. 3. 比西季節風에 의한 Ekman수송이나 강한조류 및 열손실에 의한 表面冷却效果로 10m層까지는 表層 混合層(Surface mixed layer)이 형성되고 있다. 4. 西歸浦 南東海域에서는 沿岸을 向해 流入하는 外洋水의 窒酸鹽은 沿岸보다 낮은 2㎍-at/ℓ內外이며, 溶存酸素는 4.34∼6.19㎖/ℓ의 分布를 보였다. 5. 西歸浦 沿岸의 潮汐型態數는 0.29로서 反日週潮가 우세한 混合潮의 性格을 가지며, 평균 月潮間隔은 09時 27分이고 平均調差는 약 30cm이다. 6. 測流結果 최대유속은 漲潮流時 NNW∼NW 68.4cm/sec(1.2kt)이며, 落潮流時는 SSE∼SE 62.8cm/sec(1.2kt)이나 平均流速은 落潮流가 약간 우세한 편이다. 7. 恒流는 大·小潮期 모두 西歸浦쪽에서 南東方의 外海로 向하며, 外樣水와 沿岸水의 交流는 주로 蚊島와 森島사이를 통하여 이루어지고, 漲·落潮時 轉流는 高·低潮後 약 1.5∼2時間에, 最强流는 潮時(高·低潮時)보다 약 2시간 前에 나타난다. 8. 삼매봉과 虎島 및 정방폭포앞 海下에는 地形性 過流가 존재할 가능성이 있으며, 특히 蚊島앞 해상에서는 좌선회하는 流動의 특성을 보이고 있다. 9. 西歸浦 沿岸의 海洋還境은 海水流動의 형태와 이유동의 계절적 변동에 따라 많은 변호가 일어나며, 특히 海藻類의 영향을 많이 받고 있다. Characteristics of oceanic environment and the flow on the coastal waters of seogwipo in winter are studied by means of oceanographic observations, cur rent measurments and drogue tracking. The oceanic front is mainly formed at the coastal boundery area between Mundo and Samdo. The seawater of this area is mixed horizontal, vertical ways and it's almost homogeneous in physical and chemical characteristics, but the surface mixed layer is strongly formed from the surface to 10m depth. Off sea water is flowed into the coastal area, forming the axis of flow from the southeast area which has about 19℃, 34.2% and 14m depth of transparency. Tidal currents flow NNW-NW with 68.4cm/sec at spring tide and SSESE with 62.8%cm/sec(1.2k't)at ebb tide. In front of Sammaebong, Hodo and Chungbang waterfall there is existed the tophographical eddy current, and in particular near the Samdo coastal area there is a counter-clockwise. To summarize, the exchange between coastal waters and off sea waters is largely made through Mundo and Jodo. The oceanic environment on the coastal area of Seogwipo change much according to the flow of coastal waters and it's seasonal variation. Especially, the effect of the tidal current is serious.

소라의 種苗量産에 關한 基礎的 硏究

卞忠圭,盧暹,孫松正 濟州大學校海洋資源硏究所 1986 해양과환경연구소 연구논문집 Vol.10 No.-

濟州道産 소라, Batillus Cornutus (LIGHT FOOT)의 種苗量産을 爲하여 濟州大學校 海洋資源硏究所 및 國立水産振興院 濟州培養場에서 1985年 7月부터 8月 사이에 南濟州 近海에서 採集된 殼高 51.9∼93.1mm의 母貝 387마리를 利用하여 7 回의 産卵誘發刺戟을 實施하였다. 알의發生 및 浮游幼生, 採苗, 附着幼生의 飼育過程에 따른 成長 및 生殘率 等에 關한 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 1. 産卵誘發刺戟으로서 刺戟前夜의 止水處理에 의한 干出, 紫外線照射海水刺戟을 竝行한 方法이 확실히 效果的이었다. 2. 同 方法에 의한 使用母貝의 反應率은 10.42∼36.84%였으며 受精率의 範圍는 71.45∼93.02%였다. 3. 産卵量에 對한 孵化率의 範圍는 63.25∼80.12%였다. 4. 採苗器 設置方法에 따른 浮游幼生의 採苗器當 平均 看生數는 垂直採苗에서 367.38±67.58個體(0.31개個體/㎠)였으나, 水平採苗의 경우는 428.25±318.50個體(0.36個體/㎠)로서 後者가 더 良好하였다. 5. 水槽壁面 着生된 附着稚貝의 垂直分布는 孵化後 70日까지는 附着硅藻의 着生이 많은 水面에서 30cm사이에 出現稚貝의 90.14%가 集中되었다. 6. 秋季採苗에서의 소라稚貝의 孵化後 70日間 飼育에서의 經過日數(D)에 따른 殼徑(S)의 成長關係式은 小型圓形水槽 (φ1.6×0.7m)의 경우 S=0.0090 D+0.4236, 四色水槽 (2.5×1×0.7m)의 경우 S=0.0109D+0.4253의 回歸直線式으로 名名 表示되었다. 7. 附着以後 稚貝의 大量斃死現象은 孵化後 20 日以內에 볼 수 있었고 이때의 生殘率은 圓形水槽에서 49.28%, 四色水槽에서 40.36%였으며 孵化後 70日間의 最終 生殘率은 前者에서 9.11%, 後者의 경우 8.93%였다. For the purpose of mass s production of the seedling of top shell, Batillus cornutus (LIGHT FOOT) in Cheju Do, 387 samples were collected at the southern coast of Cheju Island. Their shell height were ranged 51.9-93.1mm and the experiment to stimulate the spawning induction were excuted 7 times during the period of July, 1985 and August, 1985. The results of egg development, planktonic larvae seed collection, growth and survival rate in relation to the rearing process of settling larvae were as follows: 1. The method of induced spawning stimulation which practiced drying by means of non-circulation on the night before stimulation while irradiating the seawater with ultra-violet ray was most effective. 2. The range of response rate, and fertilization rate of samples by the above method was 10.42%∼36.84% and 71.45%∼93.02% respectively. 3. The range of fertilization rate against spawning was 63.25%∼80.12%. 4. The average of settling numbers per swimming larvae collector in relation to collector set-up method were 367.38±67.58 individual (0.31 individual/㎠) and 428.25±318.50 individual (0.36 individual/㎠) in vertical and horizontal settling respectively. 5. Vertical distribution of attached young top shell on the wall surface in aquarium was 90.14% of total young top shell and this was appeared between the water surface and 30cm depth which was abundant in settling of attatched diatom up 70 days after hatching. 6. The growth relationship equations between shell diameter and growth of 70 days after hatching of young top shell in autumn collection were the linear regression line of S=0.0090D+0.4236 and S=0.0109D+0.4253 in case of small circular aquarium (ψ1.6×0.7m) and rectangular one (2.5×1×0.7m) respectively. 7. Mass motality of young top shell after attatching was detected within 20 days after hatching. Survival rates were 49.28% and 40.36% in circular aquarium and rectangular one respectively. During this period while percentages of survival after 70 days were 9.11%, 8.93% in former and latter respectively.

濟州道 沿岸 海水의 化學的 및 徵生物學的 水質 現況에 關한 硏究

金在河,朴吉淳,姜永周 濟州大學 海洋資源硏究所 1981 해양과환경연구소 연구논문집 Vol.5 No.-

1979年 10月부터 1980年 5月까지 8個月間에 걸쳐 濟州道內 3大 主要港인 濟州港, 西歸港 및 城山港에서 海水의 汚染 調査를 實施하였다. 各 地域別로 8個 定點을 選定하여 化學成分, 微生物 및 色素含量을 調査하였다. 3個 地域中 濟州港이 化學的, 微生物學的으로 가장 汚染이 심한데 특히 港 內側은 基準値를 훨씬 초과하는 심한 汚染現象을 나타내고 있다. 西歸港의 內港側은 基準値를 넘고 있으나 그밖의 곳은 比較的 깨끗하다. 城山港은 아직 汚染되어 있지 않은 것 같다. 色素 含量은 日別에 따른 差가 커서 명확한 結論을 내릴 수는 없으나 調査 期間中 濟州港에서 그 含量이 가장 높고 西歸港과 城山港은 비슷하게 낮다. 定點別로는 陸水나 下水의 影響을 많이 받는 곳의 色素 含量이 높았다. 그리고 色素 種類에 따른 差異는 항상 클로로필 c가 a, b 및 카로티 노이드 보다 많은 傾向을 나타냈다. A survey of seawater pollution was carried out monthly during October 1979 through May 1980 for three major harbors in Jeju, Seogwipo and Seogsanpo. Eight different sites were selected for each harbor to determine a chemical and microbiological pollution level together with a pigment content. Among three harbors, Jeju was most polluted chemically and microbiologically with significantly high level of pollution at the inner harbor which were well above the maximum permitted level. The inner harbor of Seogwipo also was in excess of permitted level under the influence of Cheonjicheon, but the other sites were rather clean. Seongsanpo is not polluted at the present time. It was shown that the pigment contents in seawater were higly variable from month to month. The highest pigment content in Jeju with the similar low values in Seogwipo and Seongsanpo were obtained throughout the investigating period. The differences in the pigment contents among the sampling sites showed that the inner harbor was much higher than outer port. This indicates that the sites with inflowing fresh water or sewage were generally high in pigment content. In pigment sorts, there always appeared higher amount of chlorophyll c than chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid.

감성돔, Mylio macrocephalus (Basilewsky)의 種苗生産에 關한 硏究

李定宰,盧暹 濟州大學校海洋資源硏究所 1987 해양과환경연구소 연구논문집 Vol.11 No.-

1986年 5月에 全南 得粮灣近海의 小形定置網에서 漁獲된 自然産 감성돔 Mylio macrocephalus(Basilewsky)을 對象으로 種苗生産技術開發을 위하여 濟州大學校 海洋資源硏究所에서 組織學的生殖巢發達, 人工採卵, 受精 및 仔稚魚飼育을 實施한 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 1. 體長 30cm 以內의 個體에는 雌雄同體가 나타나며 成長함에 따라 性은 뚜렷이 區分된다. 2. 卵巢는 많은 卵巢小囊으로 構成된 1 雙의 囊狀型이며, 卵巢小囊上皮에서 卵原細胞가 增殖分裂한다. 初期卵母細胞는 核膜 주위에 여러개의 分散仁이 分布한다. 800㎛m 內外의 完熟卵母細胞에는 核膜의 消失이 일어나며 細胞質에는 卵黃과 油球가 충만된다. 3. 精巢의 皮質層에서 精原細胞가 分裂增殖하며 精巢가 發達됨에 따라 精原細胞, 精母細胞, 精細胞, 精子의 層狀排列이 뚜렷해진다. 4. 産卵된 알은 無色透明한 球形 分離浮性卵으로서 卵徑은 0.87±0.04mm였으며 直徑 0.23 ±0.01mm 되는 1個의 油球를 가지고 있다. 5. 成熟한 親魚로 부터 人工窄出한 알이 受精方法에 따른 平均受精率은 乾式에서 89.28%, 濕式에서 88.38%였고, 平均孵化率은 47.56%, 69.66%였다. 6. 受精卵의 發生은 水溫 18.5∼20.2℃에서 46時間 20分, 水溫 16.8∼19.0℃에서 51時間만에 孵化하였다. 7. 孵化仔魚의 平均全長은 1.98±0.13㎜이며 筋節數는 10±12=22였고 油球는 卵黃의 後端, 肛門앞에 位置하였다. 8. 먹이로서 Artemia salina의 幼生과 Tigriopus japonicus의 幼生을 對象으로 調査한 全長 10.2㎜, 15.7㎜稚魚의 選擇性指數의 範圍는 前者의 경우 +0.26∼+0.30, 後者의 경우 -0.52∼-0.76으로서 Artemia salina가 높게 나타났다. 9. 全長 7∼10㎜ 範圍의 감성돔 稚仔魚의 攝食에 必要한 照度는 2,000 lux 內外였고 全長 15㎜ 의 稚魚는 300 lux 內外였다. 10. 감성돔의 孵化率 經過日數(D)에 따라 全長(T)의 成長은 72日까지는 T=0.4069D+0.1425(r=0.9929), 72日부터 195日까지는 T=0.6373D-6.8028(r=0.9737)이었다. 11. 經過日數(D)와 體重(W)과의 사이에는 ??의 指數曲線式으로 表示되었다. 12. 全長(L)에 對한 體重(W)의 相對成長은 ??의 關係式으로 表示되었다. Artificial seed production of black porgy were performed in the rearing aquariums of The Marine Resources Research Institute, Cheju University by using adult fish caught by a small set net in the coastal waters of Deug Yang and Wan-do Bay from January to May 1986. 1. Hermaphrodite individuals are observed among the yount fishes less than body length in 30cm. 2. The ovary consisted of a pair of saccular structure with numerous ovarian sacs branched toward the median cavity. Oogonia divided and proliferated along the germinal epithelium of the ovarian sac. In the Young oocytes with basophilic cytoplasm distributed many scattering nucleoli along the nuclear membrane. When the oocytes growing to 500∼800㎛ in diameter, muclear membranes are gradually disappear and most of cytoplasms were filled with yolk granules and oil drops. 3. Testis cortex was composed of several testicular lobuli and spermatogonia divided and proliferated along the germinal epithelium of the testiclar lobuli. With development of germ cells, spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids and sperms are arranged toward the germinal cavity. 4. Fertilized eggs of black porgy are buoyant, spherical, colorless, contains oil globule, isolating pelagic in quality and measuring 0.87 ±0.04mm in diameter. 5. Mean fertility and hatching rate were 89.28% and 47.56% in dry method, 88.38% and 69.66% in wet method of artificial fertilization. 6. The time required for hatching of eggs were 46.2 hours at 18.5-20.2℃ and 51 hours at 16.8-19.0℃ of water temperature. 7. The newly hatched larva of 1.98 ±0.13mm specimens has 10 (abdominal) + 12 (caudal) = 22 myotomes. The oil globule located at the posterior end of the yolk mass in front of the anus. 8. On the food selection indices calculated by the feeding results of juveniles, in the range of total length from 10.2mm to 15.7mm were+0.26∼+0.30 in the larva of Artemia salina and -0.52∼-0.76 in the larva of Tigriopus japonicus.

濟州島의 淡水魚類相에 關하여

趙載潤 濟州大學 海洋資源硏究所 1980 해양과환경연구소 연구논문집 Vol.4 No.-

1. 1979年 3月부터 同年 10月까지 濟州島內 淡水魚類相을 調査하기 爲하여 河川및 貯水池 等 15個 地域에서 採集을 實施하였다. 2. 本調査에서 14科 21屬 23種의 淡水魚가 棲息하고 있는 것이 밝혀 졌다. 3. 23種중에 一生을 淡水에서 지내는 純粹한 淡水魚가 무지개송어, 잉어, 붕어 버들치, 기름종개, 미꾸리, 쌀미꾸리, 드렁허리, 파랑볼우럭(Blue gill)等 9種, 降河魚가 뱀장어, 무태장어等 2種, 遡河魚가 은어, 밀어, 꾹저구, 살망둑, 검정망둑, 미끈망둑 等 의 6種이며, 海産魚로서 淡水나 汽水域에 들어오는 것이 학공치, 숭어, 농어, 살벤자리, 알롱잉어, 복섬 等의 6種이었다. 4. 純粹한 淡水魚 9種中에 무지개송어, 잉어, 붕어, 기름종개, 미꾸리, 쌀미꾸리, 파랑볼우럭 等 7種은 다른 곳으로 부터 移殖된 것으로 推定되며 나머지 버들치와 드렁허리는 元來부터 濟州島에 棲息하던 種으로 思料된다. 5. 天然記念物로 指定된 무태장어는 北濟州郡 舊左面과 全南 長興, 慶北 盈德에서도 採集된 例로 봐서 西歸邑 天池淵瀑布(St. 11) 뿐만 아니라 濟州島內 河川과 沿岸의 湧泉水가 나는 地域이면 어디든지 棲息할 可能性이 매우 높다. A survey on the freshwater fish fauna on Jeju island was undertaken over a period of 8 months from March to October 1979 at 15 station on Jeju island. It was verified that 14 families, 21 genera, 23 species are inhabited on Jeju island according to this survey. Of 23species, 9 species are pure freshwater fish( Salmo gairdneri irideus, Cyprinus carpio, Carassius carassius, Moroco oxycephalus, Cobitis taenia, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, Lefua costat; Monopterus albus and Lepomis macrochirus), 2 species are catadromous fish (Anguilla japonica and A. marmorata), 6 species are anadromous fish( Plecoglossus altivelis, Rhinogobius brunneus, Chaenogobius annularis, C. castaneus, Tridentiger obscurus and Luciogobius guttatus), and 6 species are peripheral fish(Hemiramphus sajori, Mugil cephalus, Lateolabrax japonicus, Therapon jorbua, Kuhlia marginata and Fugu niphobles). Of 9 pure freshwater species, 7 species of them are Salmo gairdneri inideus, Cyprinus carpio, Carassius carassius, Cobitis taenia, Misurnus anguillicaudatus, Lefua costata and Lepomis macrochirus, which were originated from other places while 2 species of them, Moroco oxycephalus and Monopterus albus are native species on Jeju island. It seems that Anguilla marmorata, a natural monument, could possibly inhabit not only Cheonji-cheon(St.11), Seogwi-po, but other steams or spring water areas along the shore on Jeju island.

Changes of Some Harvested populations of Gamtae, Ecklonia cava Kjellman

LEE,Ki-Wan 濟州大學 海洋資源硏究所 1980 해양과환경연구소 연구논문집 Vol.4 No.-

Populational changes of Gamtae (Ecklonia cava Kjellman) harvested by women divers were investigated to compare with three unharvested Gamtae populations at the three different sites in the eastern part of Jeju island from April 1979 to March 1980. Main consisting individuals of Gamtae population were 2∼3 years old fronds as seen by the growth ring, and its individual numbers were 6.02∼5.33per ㎥ in the unharvested Gamtae population. In the harvested Gamtae population with one year passed, individual numbers of fronds approximately four times temporarily, while, the other two groups with two and three years old were far surpassed in individual numbers, reached up to two times more than unharvested Gamtae population. However, if the sporing period is late fall, above increasing rate of individual numbers in harvested populations could be thought of an effect of discharged spores from other populations of Gamtae. Therefore, the harvesting periods, presently known as summer season, must delay at least two month from August, although the sporing period can not be defined exactly.

서귀포産 자리돔의 漁獲改善 및 適正利用을 위한 資源生物學的 硏究-1. : 生活週期와 産卵 Life Cycle and Spawning

高有峰,全得山 濟州大學校 海洋資源硏究所 1983 해양과환경연구소 연구논문집 Vol.7 No.-

제주도의 主要水産生物인 자리돔에 있어서 成長過程, 産卵期, 生活史등의 硏究가 西歸浦沿岸에서 이루어졌다. 生殖巢의 熟度指數 및 組織學的觀察에 의하면, 本種의 産卵盛期는 5월下旬∼8월下旬까지의 3個月間이며 雌雄 모두 體長 60㎜ 以上이면 再生産活動에 參與하나 主産卵群은 體長 70∼90㎜의 個體群이다. 本種의 卵巢內 最大卵 은 0.60∼0.75㎜의 範圍이고 抱卵數는 10,000∼90,000 個程度의 폭넓은 變化를 보였는데, 同一體長의 個體中에서도 體重과 生殖巢重量이 모두 높은 成熟個體일수록 抱卵數가 많은 特性을 나타내고 있었다. 여름철에 産卵된 卵은 부화되어 後期仔魚時期에 이미 表層 가까운 곳으로 浮上하고 빠른 성장을 나타내어 가을철에 體長 40㎜까지 자라고, 겨울철을 넘긴 後 翌年 늦은 봄철이 되면서 成熟하여 再生産에 參與한다. 이들 成魚의 成長速度는 産卵期동안 極히 느리지만 계속적으로 成長한 結果 부화後 2年째 여름철에는 體長이 80㎜ 以上에 달하면서 다시 한번 再生産活動에 參與한 후 死亡한다고 推定된다. 이것은 本種의 壽命이 2年이라는 것을 가리키고 있다. 서귀포沿岸에서 採集된 자리돔의 最大體長 및 體重은 各各 121㎜, 72,68g이었다. Many Chromis notatus(TEMMINCK et SCHLEGEL), one of the most abundant inshore-rocky fish in Jeju Island, have been collected near Seogwipo on the southern part on Jeju province, Korea. These collections have provided some information regarding the growth pattern, life history, and breeding season of this species. On the basis of the gonad index and the histological observation of gonads, it is shown that the main breeding season for this fish is from late May to late August, when most of the males and females are longer than the 60mm standard length(SL) at maturity. The main breeding group of this species is the population within the 70 to 90 mmSL. The long axis of the largest egg ranged from 0.6 to 0.75mm. the fecundity ranged from about 10,000 to 90,000 eggs, indicating a great variation among the number of eggs produced. the number of eggs increased with the females having heavier body and gonad weights. The postlarvae migrated toward the surface water after hatching in summer and grew rapidly to about 40 mmSL until autumn. They maintained constant growth until the following spring when the specimens over 60 mmSL matured during the summer. The growth rate of the mature individuals gradually decreased during the breeding season. However, they eventually grow to over 80 mmSL 2years after hatching. They died after reproducing one more time, indicating that the life span of the species is estimated to be at least 2 years. The maximum standard length and the body weight of this species were 121mm and 72.68g, respectively.

濟州道産 가무락, Cyclina sinensis의 生殖週期에 關한 組織學的 硏究

李定宰,趙雲三 濟州大學校 海洋資源硏究所 1985 해양과환경연구소 연구논문집 Vol.9 No.-

濟州道産 가무락, Cyclina sinensis의 生殖巢 構造, 生殖細胞形成過程 및 生殖過期를 光學顯微鏡 및 電子顯微鏡을 使用하여 調査하였다. 1. 生殖巢는 內臟囊의 肝中腸腺 上端에서 足部까지 外側의 大部分을 싸고 있으며 卵巢는 많은 卵巢小囊으로, 精巢 또한 小管狀의 精巢小囊으로 構成되어 있으며 이들 小囊의 內脫上皮가 生殖細胞의 機能을 한다. 2. 生殖巢 外壁은 420∼600㎛로 매우 두꺼우며 上皮層은 30∼40㎛의 單層圓柱상계로 構成되어 있고 이들 上皮層 下方에는 50㎛두께의 結綿纖膠原纖維와 筋纖維가 緻密하게 結合되어 있으며, 下方으로 80㎛두께의 立方形 粘液腺細胞層과 上下層은 從으로, 中層은 橫으로 排列된 結綿纖膠原纖維와 筋纖維가 260∼430㎛의 두꺼운 層으로 되어있다. 3. 未分化間充織과 好酸性顆粒細胞들은 生殖巢 및 生殖細胞형성과 發達에 管養을 供給하는 一種의 管養細胞로 간주된다. 4. 卵母細胞가 70㎛ 前後로 成長하여 卵柄에서 離脫되어 完熟卵의 크기는 90∼120㎛ 前後였다. 5. 卵母細胞의 卵膜과 核膜은 二重膜狀 構造이며, 細胞質內의 卵黃顆粒은 皮質層 內側으로 擴散되며, 脂質顆粒은 核膜 附近에서 出現하여 皮質層으로 分散되었다. 6. 完熟精子의 頭部는 約 5㎛, 尾部는 20㎛ 內外로서 前端의 尖體는 電子密屠가 相異한 두 區域으로 區分되고 尖體와 核 사이에 透明腔이 存在하고 鞭毛의 軸絲構造는 9+2型이며 4個의 球型 mitochondria가 中心體를 둘러싸고 있다. 7. 生殖巢의 發達段階는 分裂增殖期(1∼4月), 成長期(3∼6月). 成熟期(5∼8月), 放出期(7∼9月初), 退化期(9∼12월), 回復期(12∼2月)로 區分할 수 있었다. 8. 産卵期는 水溫이 20℃ 以上으로 上昇하는 7月 初旬부터 9月 初旬으로, 産卵 最盛期는 7月 中旬부터 8月未 사이였다. 9. 雌雄同體는 調査材料 390 個體中 8個體였다. The structure of gonad, gametogenesis and the reproductive cycle of the clam, Cyclina sinensis were investigated mainly employing photomicrography and electron micrography. The materials were sampled monthly at Seongsanpo, Cheju Island from October 1982 to September 1983. 1. The gonad is located between the mid-intestinal gland in the visceral sac and the connective tissue of the foot. The ovary is composed of a number of ovarian sacs. The testis is composed of a number of seminiferous tubules, which form the tubulan structure, and the epithelium of the tubule has the function of germinal epithelium. 2. The outer wall of the gonad is 420-600㎛ thick, and the epithelial layer consists of simple columnar epithelial cells, which are 30-40㎛ thick. Under the epithelial layer are sequentially collagenous fiber layers, mucous gland cells fibromscular capsules compacted by collagenous fibers and muscle fibers. These thicknesses are 50㎛, 80㎛ and 260-430㎛ respectively. The upper and lower fibromuscular capsules are arranged of vertically, and the middle fibromuscular capsules are arranged of longitudinally. 3. Undifferentiated mesenchymal tissue and eosinophilic granular cells function as nutritive cells in the formation and development early stage of germ cells. 4. The oocytes reach approximately 70㎛ in diameter seceded from the yolk stalk, the mature eggs were about 90-120㎛. 5. The plasma membrane the uncleus membrane of oocytes are composed of a double membrane. Accumulation of yolk granules in the cytoplasm begins in the cortical layer and diffusion occurs outside the nuclear envelope and diffuse towards the corticalilayer. 6. The head of the spermatozoa is approximately 5㎛ in length and its tail is about 20㎛. The conical acrosome at the distal part of the head is distinguished by two regions with different electron densities. There is a clear space between the acrosome and nucleus. The flagellum of the tail consits of nine pairs of microtubules at the periphery, on e pair at the center fiber, and four spherical mitochondria form the paranucleus around the centrioles. 7. The development process may be divided into six succesive stages : multiplication (January-April), growing(March-June), mature(May-August), spent(July-eary September), degenerative(September-December) and recovery stages(December-February). 8. Spawnig of C. sinensis occurs from early July ot early September when the sea water temperature was normally above 20℃ and its peak spawing occured from late July ot August. 9. The hermaphroditic were eight individiuals among the 390 individuals examined.