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Moisé,s Roberto Vallejo Pé,rez,Hugo Ricardo Navarro Contreras,Jesú,s A. Sosa Herrera,José,Pablo Lara Á,vila,Hugo Magdaleno Ramí,rez Tobí,as,Fernando Dí,az-Barriga Mart& 한국식물병리학회 2018 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.34 No.5
Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganesis (Cmm) is a quarantine-worthy pest in México. The implementation and validation of new technologies is necessary to reduce the time for bacterial detection in laboratory conditions and Raman spectroscopy is an ambitious technology that has all of the features needed to characterize and identify bacteria. Under controlled conditions a contagion process was induced with Cmm, the disease epidemiology was monitored. Micro-Raman spectroscopy (532 nm λ laser) technique was evaluated its performance at assisting on Cmm detection through its characteristic Raman spectrum fingerprint. Our experiment was conducted with tomato plants in a completely randomized block experimental design (13 plants × 4 rows). The Cmm infection was confirmed by 16S rDNA and plants showed symptoms from 48 to 72 h after inoculation, the evolution of the incidence and severity on plant population varied over time and it kept an aggregated spatial pattern. The contagion process reached 79% just 24 days after the epidemic was induced. Micro-Raman spectroscopy proved its speed, efficiency and usefulness as a non-destructive method for the preliminary detection of Cmm. Carotenoid specific bands with wavelengths at 1146 and 1510 cm-1 were the distinguishable markers. Chemometric analyses showed the best performance by the implementation of PCA-LDA supervised classification algorithms applied over Raman spectrum data with 100% of performance in metrics of classifiers (sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, negative and positive predictive value) that allowed us to differentiate Cmm from other endophytic bacteria (Bacillus and Pantoea). The unsupervised KMeans algorithm showed good performance (100, 96, 98, 91 y 100%, respectively).
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Rocí,o Crystabel Ló,pez-Gonzá,lez,Yara Suhan Juá,rez-Campusano,José,Luis Rodrí,guez-Chá,vez,Guillermo Delgado-Lamas,Sofí,a Marí,a Arvizu Medrano,Ramó,n Á,lv 한국식물병리학회 2021 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.37 No.1
Blue mold caused by Penicillium expansum is one of the most significant postharvest diseases of apples. Some microorganisms associated with the surface of ripen- ing apples possess the ability to inhibit the growth of P. expansum. However, the existing literature about their colonization in the stages before ripening is not explored in depth. This study aims to characterize the antagonistic capacity of bacterial populations from five fruit development stages of ‘Royal Gala’ apples. The re- sults have shown that the density of the bacterial popu- lations decreases throughout the ripening stages of fruit (from 1.0 × 105 to 1.1 × 101 cfu/cm2). A total of 25 bacte- rial morphotypes (corresponding to five genera identi- fied by 16S RNA) were differentiated in which Bacillus stood out as a predominant genus. In the in vitro an- tagonism tests, 10 Bacillus strains (40%) inhibited the mycelial growth of P. expansum from 30.1% to 60.1%, while in fruit bioassays, the same strains reduced the fruit rot ranging from 12% to 66%. Moreover, the bacterial strains with antagonistic activity increased in the ripening fruit stage. B. subtilis subsp. spiziennii M24 obtained the highest antagonistic activity (66.9% of rot reduction). The matrix-assisted laser desorption ioniza- tion-time of flight mass spectrometry analysis revealed that bacteria with antagonistic activity produce anti- fungal lipopeptides from iturin and fengycin families.
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