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- 저자 : de Wilde, Hester (검색결과 4 건)
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An experimental-computational investigation of fracture in brittle materials
K. De Proft,G. N. Wells,L. J. Sluys,W. P. De Wilde 한국계산역학회 2004 Computers and Concrete, An International Journal Vol.1 No.3
A combined experimental-computational study of a double edge-notched stone specimen subjected to tensile loading is presented. In the experimental part, the load-deformation response and the displacement field around the crack tip are recorded. An Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometer (ESPI) is used to obtain the local displacement field. The experimental results are used to validate a numerical model for the description of fracture using finite elements. The numerical model uses displacement discontinuities to model cracks. At the discontinuity, a plasticity-based cohesive zone model is applied for monotonic loading and a combined damage-plasticity cohesive zone model is used for cyclic loading. Both local and global results from the numerical simulations are compared with experimental data. It is shown that local measurements add important information for the validation of the numerical model. Consequently, the numerical models are enhanced in order to correctly capture the experimentally observed behaviour.
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Predictability of occupant presence and performance gap in building energy simulation
Ahn, Ki-Uhn,Kim, Deuk-Woo,Park, Cheol-Soo,de Wilde, Pieter Elsevier 2017 APPLIED ENERGY Vol.208 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Occupant behavior is regarded as one of the major factors contributing to the discrepancy between simulation prediction and real energy use. Over the past several decades, occupants have been represented as fixed profiles of occupant presence in building energy simulation tools. Recently, stochastic models have been introduced to account for dynamic occupant presence. This stochastic approach is based on the premise that occupant presence can be described by empirical and probabilistic transition rules, e.g. Markov Chain.</P> <P>This paper presents evidence that occupant presence in some rooms and buildings follows a “random walk” pattern. In other words, occupant presence in certain types of buildings cannot be predicted stochastically. In this study, occupants’ presence in two laboratories and three reading rooms at two universities was monitored. The hypothesis of the random walk pattern was tested using the Normalized Cumulative Periodogram (NCP) method. Based on a series of six experiments, it is shown that each occupant’s presence in the five locations follows a random walk pattern. Three different occupant models (fixed ASHRAE model, Markov Chain model, and Random Walk model) were applied in EnergyPlus simulation runs. The adjusted R<SUP>2</SUP> for three experiments between the fixed AHSRAE model and the random walk model, and between the Markov chain model and the random walk model are 0.54, 0.02, 0.01 and 0.86, 0.19, 0.41, respectively. This does not negate the need for the fixed ASHRAE model or the MC model. Rather, this signifies that, for a certain type of building, another occupant presence model should be introduced, e.g. the RW Model.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> This study reports a new concept, ‘random walk’ occupants’ presence. </LI> <LI> According to building types, the characteristics of occupants’ presences can differ. </LI> <LI> Different occupant models can cause significant performance gaps in energy prediction. </LI> </UL> </P>
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Isabelle Francisca Petronella Maria Kappen,Dirk Bittermann,Laura Janssen,Gerhard Koendert Pieter Bittermann,Chantal Boonacker,Sarah Haverkamp,Hester de Wilde,Marise Van Der Heul,Tom FJMC Specken,Ron K 대한성형외과학회 2017 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.44 No.3
Background No consensus exists on the optimal treatment protocol for orofacial clefts or the optimal timing of cleft palate closure. This study investigated factors influencing speech outcomes after two-stage palate repair in adults with a non-syndromal complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). Methods This was a retrospective analysis of adult patients with a UCLP who underwent two-stage palate closure and were treated at our tertiary cleft centre. Patients ≥17 years of age were invited for a final speech assessment. Their medical history was obtained from their medical files, and speech outcomes were assessed by a speech pathologist during the followup consultation. Results Forty-eight patients were included in the analysis, with a mean age of 21 years (standard deviation, 3.4 years). Their mean age at the time of hard and soft palate closure was 3 years and 8.0 months, respectively. In 40% of the patients, a pharyngoplasty was performed. On a 5-point intelligibility scale, 84.4% received a score of 1 or 2; meaning that their speech was intelligible. We observed a significant correlation between intelligibility scores and the incidence of articulation errors (P<0.001). In total, 36% showed mild to moderate hypernasality during the speech assessment, and 11%–17% of the patients exhibited increased nasalance scores, assessed through nasometry. Conclusions The present study describes long-term speech outcomes after two-stage palatoplasty with hard palate closure at a mean age of 3 years old. We observed moderate long-term intelligibility scores, a relatively high incidence of persistent hypernasality, and a high pharyngoplasty incidence.
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Kappen, Isabelle Francisca Petronella Maria,Bittermann, Dirk,Janssen, Laura,Bittermann, Gerhard Koendert Pieter,Boonacker, Chantal,Haverkamp, Sarah,de Wilde, Hester,Van Der Heul, Marise,Specken, Tom F Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surge 2017 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.44 No.3
Background No consensus exists on the optimal treatment protocol for orofacial clefts or the optimal timing of cleft palate closure. This study investigated factors influencing speech outcomes after two-stage palate repair in adults with a non-syndromal complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). Methods This was a retrospective analysis of adult patients with a UCLP who underwent two-stage palate closure and were treated at our tertiary cleft centre. Patients ${\geq}17$ years of age were invited for a final speech assessment. Their medical history was obtained from their medical files, and speech outcomes were assessed by a speech pathologist during the follow-up consultation. Results Forty-eight patients were included in the analysis, with a mean age of 21 years (standard deviation, 3.4 years). Their mean age at the time of hard and soft palate closure was 3 years and 8.0 months, respectively. In 40% of the patients, a pharyngoplasty was performed. On a 5-point intelligibility scale, 84.4% received a score of 1 or 2; meaning that their speech was intelligible. We observed a significant correlation between intelligibility scores and the incidence of articulation errors (P<0.001). In total, 36% showed mild to moderate hypernasality during the speech assessment, and 11%-17% of the patients exhibited increased nasalance scores, assessed through nasometry. Conclusions The present study describes long-term speech outcomes after two-stage palatoplasty with hard palate closure at a mean age of 3 years old. We observed moderate long-term intelligibility scores, a relatively high incidence of persistent hypernasality, and a high pharyngoplasty incidence.
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