1. 대만산 삼림 균류

진서청 한국균학회 1982 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.10 No.3

None of Cordyceps (Clavicitaceae, Sphaeriales, Pyrenomycetes, Ascomycotina) has been recorded from Taiwan up to date. Therefore, it is suspected that two distribution centers of Cordyceps in Asia, one in the equatorial tropic and the other in temperate Japan, may not be linked at Taiwan. To answer this question. the flora of genus Cordyceps in Taiwan has been studied through the wide range field survey since 1976. Up to this time, in total 16 species including 9 species of world new record have been discovered. The rest of 7 species are all new record to Taiwan flora, therefore, they are briefly described and their geographic distribution in Taiwan and Asia are discussed. The seven species of entomogenous Cordyceps are C. dipterigena Berk & Br., C. gryllotalpae Lloyd, C. militaris (Fr.) Link, C. myrmecophila Ces., C. nutans Pat., C. takaomontana Yakusiji & Kumazawa, and C. tuberculata (Leb.) Maire. Among them, C. tuberculata is cosmopolitan. C. dipterigena is a tropical species and Taiwan is the northern extremity of distribution in Asia. C. militaris is a subarctic-temperate species and was discovered from the high mountain zone of altitude about 2,000m of the northern Taiwan, Thus, Taiwan is the southern extremity of its distribution. Both C. gryllotalpae and C. takaomontana are endemic of the temperate Japan and Korea. They were discovered from the forest of about 1,250m altitude of the central Taiwan and their southern extremity are also in Taiwan. Both C. nutans and C. myrmecophila are the tropic-temperate species and their populated presence in Taiwan suggested the close affinity between Taiwan flora and the tropic-temperate Asia Continent. The hypothesis is proposed to announce the key stone value of Taiwan in the biogeographic distribution of Cordyceps in Asia. $quot;Both temperate and tropical species of Cordyceps may be joined at the central part of Taiwan approximately between the Tropic of Cancer and the 24 degree of the northern hemisphere. In other words, two distribution centers of Cordyceps in Asia are linked at Taiwan.$quot;

2. 대만산 그물버섯과의 분류 생태학적 연구

진서청 한국균학회 1981 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.9 No.3

Despite the economic importance of their mycorrhizal association with forest trees, only six species of boletes, i.e., Boietus bovinus L. ex Fr., B. edulis Fr., B. granulatus Fr., B. pachypus Fr., B. pulverulentus Opat., B. subtomentosus Fr., had been reported from Taiwan before World War II. Therefore, an extensive survey of Boletaceae bas been carried out around this Island since 1979 and the following 33 species were recognized: Boletinus pictus (Peck.) Peck., B. spectabilis (Peck.) Pomerlean & Smith, Boletus calopus Fr., B. edulis Fr., B. erythropus (Fr.) Kromb., B. leuridus Fr, B. pulveralentus Opat.. B. queletii Schulzer, B. reticulatus Schaeff ex Boud., B. subvelutipes Peck, B. taircanensis sp. nov.. Gasteroboletus scabrosus Maxxer & Smith, Gyroporus castaneus (Fr.) Que´l., Leccinum griseum (Que´l) Sing., L. holopus (Rostk.) Walting, L. insigne Smith, L. rugosicep (Peck) Sing., Phylloporus rhodosanthus (Schw.) Bres., Strobilomyces fioccopus (Vahl. ex Fr.) Iiarst, Suillus americanus (Peck) Spell ex Slipp & Spell. S. bovinus (Fr.) Kuntz, S. grarzulatus (Fr.) Kuntz, S, grevillei (Klotz.) Sing., S. luteus (Fr.) S.F. Gray, S. punctipes (Peck) Sing., S. subalutaceus (Smith 8: Teiers) Smith 8 Thiers, S. subaureus (Peck) Spell, Tylopilus fellus (Fr.) Karst., T. viren (Chiu) Hongo, Xerocomus badius (Fr.) Kuhner ex Gilb., X. chrysenteron (Fr.) Que´l., X. parvulus Hongo var. formosanus var. nov., X. subtomentosus (Fr.) Que´l. The species of Boletaceae in Taiwan are widely distributed from the subtropical to alpine zone for their adaptation, but majority are distributed in the zones of temperate and subalpine coniferous forests. Ecologically speaking, Boletnius spectabilis, Boletus calopus, B. edulis, B. erythropus, B. pulverulentus, B. subvelutipes, L. grisum, L. insigne, T. fellus, X. badius are in the cold temperate coniferous forest. Eoletinus pictus, Boletus luridus, B. reticulatus, L. holopus. S. amerieanus, S. grevillei. S. punetipes, S. subalutaceus, T. viren, badius X. chrysenteron, X. parvulus var. formosanus, X. subtomentosus are distributed in the cool temperate coniferous forest. L. rugosiceps are widely distributed in both cool and cold temperate coniferous forest. S. bovinus, S. granulatus, S. luteus, and St. ,floccopus have an wide range of the vertical distribution (from 700m to 3000m alt.) and are in both temperate coniferous and warm temperate mixed forests. Only few species are recorded from subalpine coniferous forest, i.e., B. queletii, B. taiwanensis, and G. scabrosus, and the warm temperate mined forest, i.e., G. castaneus, P. rhodoxanthus, and S. subaureus, respectively. Most of species are separately distributed but some of them, i.e., S. baninus, S. granulatus, and S. luteus are frequently grown together under the same pinestand. Some species showed their host specificity toward the ectomycorrhizal relationship such as S. grevillei with Larix forest and G. castaneus with chestnut trees. In general, all species appeared in summer to fall season but some speoies, i.e., S. bovinus tend to have a rather longer. fruiting period from late spring to early winter in this Island. There are also a tendency of early appearance of Leccinum spp. in the hot season and followed by the succession of Boletus and Suillus species until late fall or early winter.

CONTROL OF BLISTER RUST OF TAIWAN RED PINE IN TAIWAN

Peng,Lin Feng,Chung Yi Tsai,Zuei Ching Chen 한국산림과학회 1985 한국산림과학회지 Vol.71 No.1

In 1966, the outbreak of a rust disease was discovered from the young plantation of Taiwan red pine (Pines taiwanensis Hay.) at the northeastern part of Taiwan Island. The plantation of about 2,000㏊ planted with 3-4 years old saplings is located on the mountain slopes of a valley of the upper stream of Ta-Chia River. The rust disease was first discovered sporadically from the narrow margin of plantation surrounding the pine nursery which was located at the center of valley. The disease spread rapidly and the total infected area in 1968 had been recorded for 186 ha. The rust fungus was first identified as Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fischer. The alternative hosts of this rust fungus, Ribes spp. were not recovered from the area of infectian sites nor from the area of 20Km radius from the infected site. Instead of Ribes host, Paeonia suffruticosa Andr. were planted in the nursery near by the pine nursery from 1966. It was thus identified the rust fungus as Cronartium flaccidum (Alb. et Schw.) Wint. The extensive control measures were practiced from 1968 and the eradication of infected saplings, shrubs and weeds of forest floors was given the first priority. In total, 111,852 trees infected were felled down from 1966 to 1971. All infected branches or parts of the trees were first wrapped with the vinyl film to prevent the dispersion of rust spores and then trees were felled down and finally were burnt at the site. Rest of pine trees of the whole plantation were sprayed with the fungicides; 0.2% Dithane Z-78 or 4-4 Bordeux mixture with addition of 1% Uspulun. Spraying of fungicides was carried out at least twice a month and continued to 1971. In 1973 and 1974, reforestation by some resistance tree species such as Pines armandi Fr., Taiwania, Cryptomeria, or Chamaecyparis, etc, were practiced. In total, 148,500 seedlings of tree species mentioned above were replaced the infected pine trees. Since the first outbreak of the disease in 1966, 20 years have been passed without any new outbreak of the rust disease by C. flaccidum in the same site or any other plantations in Taiwan. The control of the rust disease erupted in Taiwan red pine plantation in 1966 in thus concluded as very successful.