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중국 노인용 웨어러블 워치의 디자인 요소가 사용자 인식과 사용의향에 미치는 영향
주주(Zhu Zhu),송준규(Jungyu Song) 한국디자인리서치학회 2022 한국디자인리서치 Vol.7 No.4
고령화 문제가 심각해지면서 노인에 대한 의료 건강 문제가 사회와 경제 발전에 많은 부담으로 작용하고 있다. 노년층이 증가하고 고령화 문제가 부상하고 있는 가운데 인터넷을 비롯한 다양한 기술들이 등장하여 노년층 문제를 해결하기 위한 새로운 방향을 제시하고 있다. 현재 시장에 노인을 대상으로 건강 모니터링용 웨어러블 워치를 출시하고있다. 본 연구는 기술수용모형을 활용하고 노인 사용자의 사용의향을 높이기 위해 웨어러블 워치의 디자인 요소가사용자 인식과 사용의향에 미치는 영향을 분석했다. 기술수용모형은 새로운 기술을 적용한 제품에 대한 사용자의 수용 행동과 태도를 연구하는 데 사용하였다. 웨어러블 워치 디자인 요소와 기술수용모형 관련 선행연구를 분석하고기능성, 심미성, 상호작용성, 호환성 등 4가지 디자인 요소를 선정했다. 그리고 쾌락성 인식, 사용 용이성 인식, 유용성 인식 등 사용자 인식 변수를 선정했다. 본 연구는 설문조사를 실시하고 설문지 236부를 수집했다. 먼저 설문제데이터에 대한 신뢰도와 타당도를 분석했다. 다음으로 구조방정식 모형을 통해 가설을 검증했다. 결과에 따르면 기능성이 쾌락성 인식, 사용 용이성 인식, 유용성 인식에 정(+)적인 영향을 미친다. 심미성은 사용 용이성 인식, 쾌락성인식에 정(+)적인 영향을 미친다. 상호작용성과 호환성은 사용 용이성 인식에 정(+)적인 영향을 미친다. 그리고 유용성 인식, 사용 용이성 인식, 쾌락성 인식은 사용의향에 정(+)적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는노인용 웨어러블 워치 개발 업체가 마케팅 전략을 수립하기 위한 활용 방안을 제공하고 제품의 디자인에 적합한 이론적 근거를 제시하는 데 의의가 있다. With the aging of the population intensifies, the medical care of the elderly has brought a heavy burden to the social and economic development. Facing the rapid growth of the elderly population and the increasingly prominent problems of the elderly, the new scientific and technological means represented by “Internet” have provided a new way of thinking to solve the problems of the elderly. At present, wearable watches for health monitoring of the elderly have been launched in the market. This paper hopes to test the influence of design factors of wearable watches on user perception and willingness to use through the application of technology acceptance model, so as to improve the willingness of the elderly users to use the product. Technology acceptance model is mainly used to study users’ acceptance behavior and attitude towards emerging information technology. Through the first study on the design factors of wearable watches and technology acceptance model, it determined the four design factors of wearable watches including functionality, aesthetics, interactivity and compatibility, and the three variables of user perception in technology acceptance model including perceived pleasantness, perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. In this paper, 236 questionnaires were collected by questionnaire survey. Firstly, SPSS26.0 was used to test and analyze the reliability and validity of the questionnaire data, and used structural equation software to test the model hypothesis. The results show that functionality has a positive impact on perceived pleasantness, perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness, aesthetics has a positive impact on perceived pleasantness and perceived ease of use, interactivity has a positive impact on perceived ease of use, compatibility has a positive impact on perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and perceived pleasure have a positive impact on willingness to use. The results of the study can provide reference for the developers of wearable watches for the elderly to formulate marketing strategies, and provide data and practical theoretical basis for product design.
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Zhu Zhu(주주),Lee Eun-Sup(이은섭) 법무부 국제법무정책과 2010 통상법률 Vol.- No.96
WTO Members are entitled to enjoy regulatory autonomy to pursue specific and innovative solutions to their domestic problems, while their regulatory autonomy is required to be regulated properly in the context of the international legal and multilateral trading system. Thus, in terms of “necessity test”, in disputed cases, panels should carefully examine the establishment of the facts that closely related to policy aims, the level of protection, characteristics of the measure at issue and reasonably available alternatives, and actively weight of the persuasiveness of the quality and quantity of evidence, rather than drawing conclusions in lights of theories. Positive conclusions towards “necessity test” might be welcomed, particularly, by the environmental groups within the WTO. However, careless assessment attempted by WTO adjudicating bodies in juridical examination process could undermine the basis of the WTO system, as well as the legal stability and predictability of its judicial determinations. Besides, being easy to pass the “necessity test” does not necessarily imply that the WTO adjudicating body provides Members with more regulatory autonomy because restrict requirements has been transferred to scrutiny conducted under the chapeau of Article XX, which has been evidenced in the disputes including Brazil-Tyres case.
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Scientific Evidence Rule under the SPS Agreement
LEE EUN-SUP(이은섭),Zhu Zhu(주주) 법무부 국제법무정책과 2010 통상법률 Vol.- No.92
In determining legitimacy of Members’ domestic SPS measures, particularly, in cases where the protection levels chosen by Members are higher than that of international standards, scientific evidence has been employed as an essential yardstick by the dispute settlement body. Generally, sufficient scientific evidences should include conducting of proper risk assessments that evaluate the degree of risks related to SPS measures and the rational or objective relationship between the risk assessment and the measure at issue. The judicial interpretation of the term of “scientific evidence” under the SPS Agreement has generally been attempted to be made liberally. The Appellate Body reviewed that “sufficient scientific evidence” is not a static or determined set of knowledge, but rather an integrated consideration of proportionality between Members’ SPS measures and the level of protection they prefer to adopt, as well as those non-scientific factors including economic situations and social values. However, those attempts of the Appellate Body directing to a liberal interpretation ended up with a fairly narrow and strict application in real disputes by adding other stringent requirements that is barely easy to meet. The current interpretation and application of the term “sufficient scientific evidence” has arguably been criticized to be too severe by the free-trade supporters, and at the same time, too obscure by the health-related environmental protectionisms. To make interpretation of the term “sufficient scientific evidence” truly liberal, providing Members with more deference on adopting their SPS measures, the Appellate Body shall clarify a point of equilibrium where it can properly realize the dual objectives of promotion of liberalized trade and the improvement of the public health of its Members at the same time, and then, to establish a set of detailed standards that would be helpful to achieve such objectives.
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