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        A Precise Fault Location Method Independent of Line Parameters Based on Positive and Negative Sequence Fault Components

        Zhao Lihui,Zhu Jingwei,Yang Hongzhe 대한전기학회 2022 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.17 No.6

        A precise and robust fault location method based on positive and negative sequence fault components for transmission lines is proposed, with synchro phasor data. This method utilizes the information of current and voltage synchronously measured by the phasor measurement units at both ends of the line, and does not require line parameters. The line parameters are not constant due to load and weather conditions and other factors, which aff ects the accuracy of most ranging algorithms relying on line parameters. For asymmetric faults, positive sequence and negative sequence fault components are used to locate the fault location, and for symmetric faults, positive sequence fault components are used to locate the fault location. The method is added to the synchronization data self-diagnosis procedure to further improve the accuracy of positioning. Then, the paper presents the method derivation and the simulation results by PSCAD/EMTDC under diff erent path resistance, fault type, fault inception angle, load current, and line transposition, measurement error. The simulation results prove that the method effi ciently and accurately determines the fault location.

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        Isolation and Proteomic Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles from Lactobacillus salivarius SNK-6

        Huang Jiwen,Zhao Ayong,He Daqian,Wu Xiao,Yan Huaxiang,Zhu Lihui 한국미생물·생명공학회 2024 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.34 No.1

        The proteins carried by the extracellular vesicles of Lactobacillus salivarius SNK-6 (LsEVs) were identified to provide a foundation for further explorations of the probiotic activities of L. salivarius SNK-6. LsEVs were isolated from the culture media of L. salivarius SNK-6 and morphological analysis was conducted by scanning electron microscopy. Subsequent transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis were performed to assess the morphology and particle size of the LsEVs. In addition, the protein composition of LsEVs was analyzed using silver staining and protein mass spectrometry. Finally, internalization of the identified LsEVs was confirmed using a confocal microscope, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to analyze the levels of inflammatory cytokines in LPS-challenged RAW264.7 cells. The results revealed that the membraneenclosed LsEVs were spherical, with diameters ranging from 100–250 nm. The LsEVs with diameters of 111–256 nm contained the greatest amount of cargo. In total, 320 proteins (10–38 kD) were identified in the LsEVs and included anti-inflammatory molecules, such as PrtP proteinase, cochaperones, and elongation factor Tu, as well as some proteins involved in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, such as fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase. Enrichment analysis showed these proteins to be related to the terms “metabolic pathway,” “ribosome,” “glycolysis/gluconeogenesis,” “carbohydrate metabolism,” and “amino acid metabolism.” Furthermore, the LsEVs were internalized by host liver cells and can regulate inflammation. These findings confirm that LsEVs contain various functional proteins that play important roles in energy metabolism, signal transduction, and biosynthesis.

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