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      • Steganalysis of Synonym-Substitution Based Natural Language Watermarking

        Zhenshan Yu,Liusheng Huang,Zhili Chen,Lingjun Li,Xinxin Zhao,Youwen Zhu 보안공학연구지원센터 2009 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.4 No.2

        Natural language watermarking (NLW) is a kind of digital rights management (DRM) techniques specially designed for natural language documents. Watermarking algorithms based on synonym substitution are the most popular kind, they embeds watermark into documents in linguistic meaning-preserving ways. A lot of work has been done on embedding, but only a little on steganalysis such as detecting, destroying, and extracting the watermark. In this paper, we try to distinguish between watermarked articles and unwatermarked articles using context information. We evaluate the suitability of words for their context, and then the suitability sequence of words leads to the final judgment made by a SVM (support vector machine) classifier. IDF (inverse document frequency) is used to weight words’ suitability in order to balance common words and rare ones. This scheme is evaluated on internet instead of in a specific corpus, with the help of Google. Experimental results show that classification accuracy achieves 90.0%. And further analysis of several influencing factors affecting detection effects is also presented.

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        Continuous O2-CO2 production using a Co-based oxygen carrier in two parallel fixed-bed reactors

        Teng Zhang,Ningsheng Cai,Zhenshan Li 한국화학공학회 2009 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.26 No.3

        Oxygen-enriched carbon dioxide stream with oxygen concentration higher than 20 vol% was produced continuously by using a Co-based oxygen carrier packed in two parallel fixed-bed reactors operated in a cyclic manner. Oxygen was absorbed by the oxygen carrier with air being fed. An oxygen-enriched carbon dioxide stream was obtained when the fixed-bed was regenerated with carbon dioxide as a purge gas. Multiple absorption and desorption cycles indicated that the Co-based oxygen carrier had high cyclic stability. XRD analysis determined the absorbed and desorbed products were Co3O4 and CoO, respectively. The TGA results indicated that Co-based oxygen carrier did not react with NO or SO2 during the desorption stage. This Co-based oxygen carrier offers potential for applications in the O2-CO2 production for the oxy-fuel coal combustion process.

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