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Bing Jia,Zhaoyang Cheng,Qi Wang,Shujun Zhang,Wei Heng,Liwu Zhu 한국원예학회 2021 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.62 No.1
‘Dangshansuli’ pear is a yellow–green fruit when mature, whereas that of the mutant ‘Xiusu’ is russeted. In this study, thecontents of glucose, fructose and sucrose in the exocarp of ‘Xiusu’ were found to be lower than those in ‘Dangshansuli’ at75–100 days after full bloom (DAFB) but were higher at 150 DAFB. Additionally, the contents of six polysaccharides inthe exocarp of ‘Xiusu’ were higher than those in ‘Dangshansuli’ at 75 DAFB, the stage at which ‘Xiusu’ becomes russetin color, as well as at 150 DAFB; however, this was not observed for xylose. The contents of type I and II amino acids inthe exocarp of ‘Xiusu’ were higher than those in ‘Dangshansuli’ at diff erent stages, except for at 150 DAFB. The entiresequences of eight genes involved in the shikimate pathway and cell wall structure were cloned, and expression of thesegenes in the exocarp of ‘Dangshansuli’ and ‘Xiusu’ were signifi cantly diff erent during fruit development, indicating thatthese genes might be involved in the russeting process. It is speculated that the shikimate pathway connects primary andsecondary metabolism and that high contents of sugars as carbon sources provide precursors for suberin, lignin and lignanto generate russet skin in pear.
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Sagittal Pelvic Radius in Low-Grade Isthmic Lumbar Spondylolisthesis of Chinese Population
Zhao, Yang,Shen, Cai-Liang,Zhang, Ren-Jie,Cheng, Da-Wei,Dong, Fu-Long,Wang, Jun The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2016 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.59 No.3
Objective : To investigate the variation of pelvic radius and related parameters in low-grade isthmic lumbar spondylolisthesis. Methods : Seventy-four patients with isthmic lumbar spondylolisthesis and 47 controls were included in this study. There were 17 males and 57 females between 30 and 66 years of age, including 30 with grade I slippages and 44 grade II slippages; diseased levels included 34 cases on L4 and 40 cases on L5. Thoracic kyphosis (TK), the pelvic radius (PR), the pelvic angle (PA), pelvic morphology (PR-S1), and total lumbopelvic lordosis (PR-T12) were assessed from radiographs. Results : Statistically significant differences were found for the PA, PR-T12, and PR-S1 ($24.5{\pm}6.6^{\circ}$, $83.7{\pm}9.8^{\circ}$, and $25.4{\pm}11.2^{\circ}$, respectively) of the patients with spondylolisthesis and the healthy volunteers ($13.7{\pm}7.8^{\circ}$, $92.9{\pm}9.2^{\circ}$, and $40.7{\pm}8.9^{\circ}$, respectively). The TK/PR-T12 ratios were between 0.15 and 0.75. However, there were no differences in all the parameters between the L4 and L5 spondylolysis subgroups (p>0.05). The TK and PR-S1 of grade II were less than grade I, but the PA was greater. The PR-T12 of female patients were less than male patients, but the PA was greater (p<0.05). Conclusion : Pelvic morphology differed in patients with low-grade isthmic lumbar spondylolisthesis compared to controls. Gender and the grade of slippage impacted the sagittal configuration of the pelvis, but the segment of the vertebral slip did not. Overall, the spine of those with spondylolisthesis remains able to maintain sagittal balance despite abnormal pelvic morphology.
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