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Statistical Entropy of a Higher-Dimensional Black Hole
ZhaoRen,GuoYong,DingBingJun 한국물리학회 2003 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.43 No.6
By using the method of quantum statistics, we directly derive the partition function of the bosonic and the fermionic elds in a d-dimensional Schwarzschild-Ads black hole and obtain a integral expression for the black hole's entropy. Then, via the improved brick-wall method, membrane model, we obtain the statistical entropy of the black hole and nd that we can choose a proper parameter in order to let the thickness of the lm tend to zero and have it approach the surface of the horizon. Consequently, the entropy of the black hole is proportional to the area of the horizon. In our result, we also take the spinning degeneracy of various particles into consideration. The stripped term and the approximation taken in the original brick-wall method no longer exist. In the whole process, the physics is clear and the calculation is simple. We oer a new simple and direct way of calculating the entropy of higher-dimensional black holes.
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Fan Liu,Xuri Wang,Yanyu Yang,Jing Zhang,Zhaoren Zhang,Jingbao Lian 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2016 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.17 No.12
The Gd2O2SO4 : Yb3+,Er3+ nanoparticles were synthesized by a general and facile hydrothermal synthesis followed bycalcination utilizing commercially available Gd2O3, Yb2O3, Er2O3, HNO3, urea and C12H25SO4Na as the starting materials. Theprecursor and the synthetic products were characterized by a variety of characterization tools. The results reveal that theprecursor is composed of gadolinium hydroxyl, carbonate and sulfate groups and could be converted into pure Gd2O2SO4phase by calcining at 800 oC for 2 hrs in air. The good crystallinity and dispersion of near-spherical Gd2O2SO4 nanoparticleswere obtained with an average diameter of about 50 nm. Under 980 nm infrared light excitation, the Gd2O2SO4 : Yb3+,Er3+nanoparticles present the strongest red emission (664 nm), which corresponds to the 4F9/2 → 4I15/2 transition of Er3+ ions. Moreover, two green emission peaks are located at 546 nm and 526 nm, resulting from the 4S3/2 → 4I15/2 and 2 H11/2 → 4I15/2transitions of Er3+ ions, respectively. When the concentration of Er3+ ions reaches 2%, the Gd2O2SO4 : Yb3+,Er3+ nanoparticlesshows the highest luminescence. The Ln(Iup)-Ln(P) plots confirm that the up-conversion (UC) excitation belongs to two-photon(4F9/2 → 4I15/2 and 4S3/2 → 4I15/2) and three-photon (2H11/2 → 4I15/2) absorption mechanisms.
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