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Center-Based Early Childhood Education and Care in China: Policies, Trends, and Implications
Fuhua Zhai,Qin Gao 한국사회복지학회 2008 Asian Social Work and Policy Review Vol.2 No.3
The development of early childhood education and care (ECEC) policies and programs in Chinahas been closely intertwined with social, economic, and demographic changes. This articlesystematically reviews center-based ECEC policies and programs in China and presents the majortrends and implications for future research and policy. The focus of China’s ECEC policy hasshifted from health and custodial care to nurturing and child-centered education since theeconomic reforms and the one-child policy were launched in the late 1970s. Empirical data showthat the costs of ECEC services have been continuously increasing. Both the number of childrenenrolled and the overall enrolment rates have declined during the late 1990s but they have increasedslightly since 2001. The ECEC programs vary substantially in every regard by urban or ruralresidence, type of organization, and region. The quality of center-based ECEC programs in Chinais still quite low, indicated by their high child–teacher ratios and low levels of education amongprincipals and teachers relative to developed countries. Children living in rural areas or lessdeveloped regions and those from low-income families suffer from fewer resources and lowerquality ECEC as compared to their peers. These problems must be addressed by future policyinterventions.
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Anti-Poverty Family Policies in China: A Critical Evaluation
Qin Gao,Fuhua Zhai 한국사회복지학회 2012 Asian Social Work and Policy Review Vol.6 No.2
Despite its rapid economic growth, China remains a developing country facing serious challengesof poverty and inequality. This article examines the development and effectiveness of China’s primaryanti-poverty family policy, the Minimum Living Standard Assurance (MLSA, or Dibao). Using rich administrative data and building on the existing literature, this article provides a criticalevaluation of MLSA’s benefit generosity, coverage, targeting, and anti-poverty effectiveness. Tohelp reinforce MLSA’s anti-poverty impacts, local governments in recent years have implementeda series of supplementary policies and programs, including health, education, housing, and worksupport programs. This article also provides an assessment of these supplementary policies andprograms and draws policy implications for the ongoing expansion of the Chinese government’santi-poverty efforts.
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Wang Yixuan,Zhai Fuhua,Gao Qin,Wang Zijiao,Wang Yuqi 한국사회복지학회 2024 Asian Social Work and Policy Review Vol.18 No.1
Youth participation in governance goes beyond the scope of positive youth development and involves young people engaging in real‐world social governance. Drawing on a culturally sensitive review of policies related to youth participation, this study investigated the effect of subjective factors (i.e., perceived responsibility and political efficacy) on young adults' participation in governance in China. A subset of young adult ( N = 2396) was extracted from the national 2019 Chinese Social Survey. Regression and mediation analyses found a positive association between their perceived responsibility and participation in governance, which was significantly mediated by their perceived political efficacy. Furthermore, conditional indirect effects were found when using education and generational status of the young adults as moderators. Education was found to alleviate the negative effect of perceived responsibility on political efficacy and its negative indirect effect on youth participation. These findings highlight the importance of policymakers, social workers, and other practitioners in developing and promoting evidence‐based community programs that empower, encourage, and motivate young adults to recognize their individual responsibility and political efficacy in social governance.
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Yixuan Wang,Fei Pei,Fuhua Zhai,Qin Gao 한국사회복지학회 2019 Asian Social Work and Policy Review Vol.13 No.3
Due to the household registration system, millions of rural-to-urban migrant children in China are ineligible to receive urban social welfare benefits. These children poten-tially suffer from the evolving awareness of their perceived inferior social identity and experiences of inequalities at an early stage of life. This study examined whether self-perceived social identity is related to academic performance and peer relations among rural-to-urban migrant children in Beijing. Data were collected from 136 children during 2013 and 2014 in three schools for migrant children in Beijing. Path analysis showed that children who identified as a Beijinger, compared with those who self-identified with their rural hometown, had better self-efficacy, which in turn was associated with better academic performance and better peer relations. Enlightened by Western theories, these findings suggest that migrant children’s performance in school could be enhanced by cultivating positive perceptions of their social identity through teachers’ practice and community- and policy-level social support.
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Unpaid care work among women in South Asia: A systematic review
Tripathi Saumya,Azhar Sameena,Zhai Fuhua 한국사회복지학회 2022 Asian Social Work and Policy Review Vol.16 No.3
The specific aims of this systematic review are to (1) understand the prevalence and context for women's unpaid care work in South Asia, (2) explore factors that affect the prevalence of unpaid care work, and (3) identify gaps in the extant research on unpaid care work that influence women's lives. Using the Cochrane Handbook and PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews, we searched 18 databases and identified 13 research studies. Drawing on the devaluation framework, we found three main recurring themes in the selected studies. First, women in South Asia disproportionately share the burden of unpaid care work responsibilities. Second, due to sociocultural norms, unpaid care work is unrecognized and devalued as are those who perform it. Third, flexible working arrangements for women are not currently being offered. We conclude that there is a need for care work policies that incorporate the unique cultures, demographics, and labor markets in South Asian contexts.
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