Effect of Lambda Cyhalothrin (Pyrethroid) and Monocrotophos (Organophosphate) on Cholinesterase Activity in Liver, Kidney and Brain of Rana cyanophlyctis

Khan, M.Zaheer,Zaheer, Maria,Fatima, Farina The Korean Society for Integrative Biology 2003 Korean journal of biological sciences Vol.7 No.2

The present studies investigate the induced effects of two pesticides lambda cyhalothrin (pyrethroid) and monocrotophos (organophosphate) on Rana cyanophlyctis (common skittering frog). Two different concentrations i.e. 0.1 and 1% were used and cholinesterase activity was observed in liver, kidney and brain of these frogs. It was decreased upto 34.6 and 46.3% in liver, 25.08 and 57.1% in kidney and 31.64 and 50.7% in brain under the effect of lambda cyhalothrin. In the case of monocrotophos treatment, cholinesterase decreased upto 37.7 and 57.7% in liver,57.5 and 67.5% in kidney and 47.6 and 65.9% in brain, respectively.

Aerodynamic response of articulated towers: state-of-the-art

Zaheer, M. Moonis,Islam, Nazrul Techno-Press 2008 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.11 No.2

Wind and wave loadings have a predominant role in the design of offshore structures in general, and articulated tower in particular for a successful service and survival during normal and extreme environmental conditions. Such towers are very sensitive to the dynamic effects of wind and wind generated waves. The exposed superstructure is subjected to aerodynamic loads while the submerged substructure is subjected to hydrodynamic loads. Articulated towers are designed such that their fundamental frequency is well below the wave frequency to avoid dynamic amplification. Dynamic interaction of these towers with environmental loads (wind, waves and currents) acts to impart a lesser overall shear and overturning moment due to compliance to such forces. This compliancy introduces geometric nonlinearity due to large displacements, which becomes an important consideration in the analysis of articulated towers. Prediction of the nonlinear behaviour of these towers in the harsh ocean environment is difficult. However, simplified realistic mathematical models are employed to gain an important insight into the problem and to explore the dynamic behaviour. In this paper, various modeling approaches and solution methods for articulated towers adopted by past researchers are reviewed. Besides, reliability of articulation system, the paper also discussed the design, installation and performance of articulated towers around the world oceans.

Effect of Root Pruning on Fruit Quality at Harvest and during Storage for Six Apple Cutivars Growing under Ultra High Density Planting System

Zaheer Ullah Khan,David L. McNeil,Abdul Samad,Sung Do Oh(오성도) 한국원예학회 2002 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.43 No.1

Endoscopic management of Zenker’s diverticulum

Zaheer Nabi,Duvuur Nageshwar Reddy 소화기인터벤션의학회 2020 Gastrointestinal Intervention Vol.9 No.2

Zenker’s diverticulum (ZD) is a rare condition that predominantly effects elderly population. Dysphagia and regurgitation are the common presenting symptoms in patients with ZD. Flexible endoscopic diverticulotomy (FED) of the cricopharyngeal septum is the mainstay of management in symptomatic ZD. The outcomes of FED compare favorably to open surgical and trans-oral rigid endoscopic treatment methods. Moreover, FED is associated with relatively fewer morbidities as compared to surgery. Bleeding and micro-perforation are the most commonly reported immediate adverse events. Majority of the adverse events are mild and severe adverse events are rare with FED. Recurrence of symptoms remain the most important long-term concern after FED. Nevertheless, majority of the recurrences respond to a repeat session of endoscopic treatment. Lately, new electrosurgical knives and novel endoscopic techniques of cricopharyngeal myotomy have been evaluated for the treatment of ZD. Novel techniques include double incision with snare resection and submucosal tunneling endoscopic septum division. The proposed advantage with these techniques is possible reduced incidence of recurrences after endoscopic treatment. Randomized comparison studies are required between new and conventional flexible endoscopic techniques. In addition, standardized reporting of clinical success, and adverse events is required in future studies.

Endoscopic management of Combined Biliary and Duodenal Obstruction

Zaheer Nabi,D. Nageshwar Reddy 대한소화기내시경학회 2019 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.52 No.1

Combined obstruction of the bile duct and duodenum is a common occurrence in periampullary malignancies. The obstruction ofgastric outlet or duodenum can follow, occur simultaneously, or precede biliary obstruction. The prognosis in patients with combinedobstruction is particularly poor. Therefore, minimally invasive palliation is preferred in these patients to avoid morbidity associatedwith surgery. Endoscopic palliation is preferred to surgical bypass due to similar efficacy, less morbidity, and shorter hospital stay. The success of endoscopic palliation depends on the type of bilioduodenal stenosis and the presence of previously placed duodenalmetal stents. Biliary cannulation is diffcult in type II bilioduodenal strictures where the duodenal stenosis is located at the level ofthe papilla. Consequentially, technical and clinical success is lower in these patients than in those with type I and III bilioduodenalstrictures. However, in cases with failure of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, with the introduction of endoscopicultrasound for biliary drainage, the success of endoscopic bilioduodenal bypass is likely to increase further. The safety and effcacy ofendoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage has been documented in multiple studies. With the development of dedicated accessories andstandardization of drainage techniques, the role of endoscopic ultrasound is likely to expand further in cases with double obstruction.

Endoscopic Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: Revisited

Zaheer Nabi,D Nageshwar Reddy 대한소화기내시경학회 2016 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.49 No.5

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is defined by the presence of troublesome symptoms resulting from the reflux of gastric contents. The prevalence of GERD is increasing globally. An incompetent lower esophageal sphincter underlies the pathogenesis of GERD. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) form the core of GERD management. However, a substantial number of patients do not respond well to PPIs. The next option is anti-reflux surgery, which is efficacious, but it has its own limitations, such as gas bloating, inability to belch or vomit, and dysphagia. Laparoscopic placement of magnetic augmentation device is emerging as a useful alternative to conventional anti-reflux surgery. However, invasiveness of a surgical procedure remains a concern for the patients. The proportion of PPI non-responders or partial responders who do not wish for anti-reflux surgery defines the ‘treatment gap’ and needs to be addressed. The last decade has witnessed the fall and rise of many endoscopic devices for GERD. Major endoscopic strategies include radiofrequency ablation and endoscopic fundoplication devices. Current endoscopic devices score high on subjective improvement, but have been unimpressive in objective improvement like esophageal acid exposure. In this review, we discuss the current endoscopic anti-reflux therapies and available evidence for their role in the management of GERD.

Quantification of Esophageal Angulation in Sigmoid Achalasia: Are We There Yet?

( Zaheer Nabi ),( D Nageshwar Reddy ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2020 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.26 No.4

Effect of Particulate Matter on Human Health, Prevention, and Imaging Using PET or SPECT

Zaheer, Javeria,Jeon, Jongho,Lee, Seung-Bok,Kim, Jin Su Korean Society of Medical Physics 2018 의학물리 Vol.29 No.3

Particulate matter (PM) in dust causes serious pathological conditions, and it has been considered a critical health issue for many years. Respiratory disorders such as bronchitis, asthma, and chronic inflammation, are the most common illnesses due to PM that appears as dust. There is evidence that cardiovascular and neurological abnormalities are caused by PM. Although an extensive amount of work has been conducted on this topic, including studies on the nature of the particles, particle size measurements, particle distribution upon inhalation, the health effects of fine particles, disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, to this date, there is still a considerable lack of knowledge in these areas. Therefore, the identification of the key components that cause diseases owing to PM, and the specific diagnoses of the diseases, is important. This review will explore the current literature on the origin and nature of PM and their effects on human health. In addition, it will also highlight the approaches that have been adopted in order to diagnose the effects of PM using positron emission tomography (PET) or single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT).

Comparison of Short Versus Long Esophageal Myotomy in Cases With Idiopathic Achalasia: A Randomized Controlled Trial

( Zaheer Nabi ),( Mohan Ramchandani ),( Mahiboob Sayyed ),( Radhika Chavan ),( Santosh Darisetty ),( Rajesh Goud ),( H V V Murthy ),( D Nageshwar Reddy ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2021 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.27 No.1

Background/Aims Per-oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is an established treatment for achalasia. The technique of POEM is still evolving and the impact of length of esophageal myotomy on the outcomes of POEM is not known. In this study, we aim to compare the outcomes of short (3 cm) versus long (6 cm and above) esophageal myotomy in patients undergoing POEM for achalasia cardia. Methods Consecutive patients with idiopathic achalasia (type I and II) were randomized to receive short (3 cm) or long esophageal myotomy (≥ 6 cm). Both groups were compared for clinical success, operative time, adverse events, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Results Seventy-one consecutive patients with type I and II achalasia underwent POEM with short (n = 34) or long (n = 37) esophageal myotomy techniques. Mean length of esophageal myotomy in short and long groups was 2.76 ± 0.41 and 7.97 ± 2.40, respectively (P < 0.001). Mean operative time was significantly shorter in short myotomy group (44.03 ± 13.78 minutes and 72.43 ± 27.28 minutes, P < 0.001). Clinical success was comparable in both arms at 1-year (Eckardt score 0.935 ± 0.929 vs 0.818 ± 0.983, P = 0.627). Improvement in objective parameters including integrated relaxation pressure and barium column height at 5 minutes was similar in both groups. GERD was detected in 50.88% patients with no significant difference in short and long myotomy groups (44.44% vs 56.67%, P = 0.431). Conclusions A short esophageal myotomy is non-inferior to long myotomy with regards to clinical success, adverse events, and GERD in cases with type I and II achalasia. Reduced operating duration favors short esophageal myotomy in these patients. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2021;27:63-70)

Aerodynamic behaviour of double hinged articulated loading platforms

Zaheer, Mohd Moonis,Hasan, Syed Danish,Islam, Nazrul,Aslam, Moazzam Techno-Press 2021 Ocean systems engineering Vol.11 No.1

Articulated loading platforms (ALPs) belongs to a class of offshore structures known as compliant. ALP motions have time periods falling in the wind excitation frequency range due to their compliant behaviour. This paper deals with the dynamic behavior of a double hinged ALP subjected to low-frequency wind forces with random waves. Nonlinear effects due to variable submergence, fluctuating buoyancy, variable added mass, and hydrodynamic forces are considered in the analysis. The random sea state is characterized by the Pierson-Moskowitz (P-M) spectrum. The wave forces on the submerged elements of the platform's shaft are calculated using Morison's Equation with Airy's linear wave theory ignoring diffraction effects. The fluctuating wind load has been estimated using Ochi and Shin wind velocity spectrum for offshore structures. The nonlinear dynamic equation of motion is solved in the time domain by the Wilson-θ method. The wind-structure interactions, along with the effect of various other parameters on the platform response, are investigated. The effect of offset of aerodynamic center (A.C.) with the center of gravity (C.G.) of platform superstructure has also been investigated. The outcome of the analyses indicates that low-frequency wind forces affect the response of ALP to a large extent, which otherwise is not enhanced in the presence of only waves. The mean wind modifies the mean position of the platform surge response to the positive side, causing an offset. Various power spectral densities (PSDs) under high and moderate sea states show that apart from the significant peak occurring at the two natural frequencies, other prominent peaks also appear at very low frequencies showing the influence of wind on the response.