Maternal Vitamin D Supplementation for the Prevention of Respiratory Tract Infections in Offspring: A Meta-Analysis

Zaharah Sulaiman,Norhayati Mohd Noor,Shaiful Bahari Ismail,Anis Syahirah Far’ain Mohd Lukman,Muhammad Irfan,Nik Hazlina Nik Hussain 대한가정의학회 2022 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.43 No.3

Background: Vitamin D may enhance immune system function and provide a protective effect against infections. Feto-maternal circulation plays an important role in supplying the developing fetus with nutrients and antibodies for its development and health during pregnancy and for its early years of life after birth. This meta-analysis aimed to determine the effectiveness of maternal vitamin D supplementation in preventing respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in children.Methods: We searched the Central and MEDLINE databases and went through all the reference lists in the related articles. We also searched for ongoing trials at http://www.who.int/ictrp/en/ and www.clinicaltrials.gov. Random-ized controlled trials comparing vitamin D supplementation with a placebo or no treatment in pregnant women published in the English language up to March 2019 were included. Two reviewers extracted data independently using a predefined protocol and assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane risk of bias tool, with differences agreed upon by consensus. The predefined primary outcome was the number of offspring who had RTIs. The sec-ondary outcome was the presence of measurable serum immunoglobulin E levels.Results: Three trials involving 3,224 participants (mother–child pairs) met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. The present analysis reported that maternal supplementation with vitamin D had no effect on RTIs among children (n=1,486 offspring; risk ratio, 0.95; 95% confidence interval, 0.82–1.11; random effects; I2 statistics, 0%).Conclusion: Maternal vitamin D supplementation had no effect on RTIs in children. Therefore, consideration of other prevention methods in this regard is recommended.

Bloody Nipple Discharge Post Delivery: A Case of “Rusty Pipe Syndrome”

Mohamad Noraini,Sulaiman Zaharah,Tengku Ismail Tengku Alina,Ahmad Sahida 대한가정의학회 2021 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.42 No.4

“Rusty pipe syndrome” is a condition that needs to be considered in a primiparous woman who presents with bilateral bloody nipple discharge in the early postpartum period. Its prevalence is low and can occur due to physiological condition that arises primarily in primiparous women with increased alveolar and ductal vascularization associated with the onset of lactation. Here, we report a case of a 29-year-old primigravida who presented with bilateral painless bloody nipple discharge after delivery. Her breast examination showed no signs of infection or structural changes, and breast ultrasound did not reveal any significant observations except for a bilateral simple breast cyst. Six days after the onset of lactation, the bloody nipple discharge ceased and lactation continued on demand.

Decision-Making on Contraceptive Use among Women Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Malaysia: A Qualitative Inquiry

Sukeri Surianti,Sulaiman Zaharah,Hamid Noor Aman,Ibrahim Siti Aishah 대한가정의학회 2024 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.45 No.1

Background: Malaysia is the first country in the Western Pacific Region to receive the validation certificate for the elimination of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The validation report rec-ommends making sexual and reproductive health and rights of women living with HIV a priority. This article ex-plores and assesses the sexual and reproductive health, rights, and access to healthcare services of Malaysia’s wom-en living with HIV (WLHIV).Methods: A qualitative secondary analysis conducted on 73 WLHIV from all over Malaysia comprised 11 in-depth interviews and 16 focus group discussions. Data were extracted from the original interview transcripts that emerged from the following questions: (1) “What are your experiences as a woman living with HIV in relation to your sexual and reproductive health and rights?” (2) “What are your experiences in accessing contraception?” (3) “What are your day-to-day experiences as a woman living with HIV?” Data were analyzed using thematic analysis.Results: Four themes emerged from the study findings: “lack of negotiation,” “idealism in pregnancy,” “coping with restrictions,” and “past and future fears.” The four themes are grounded in religion, a patriarchal culture, meaning and expectations of motherhood, taking risks and going against medical advice to pursue fertility desires, fear of HIV transmission, and the side effects of contraceptive use.Conclusion: The complexities involved in decision-making regarding contraceptive use revealed how WLHIV may have unresolved reproductive health needs inconsistent with healthcare providers’ focus on HIV management and prevention. Suggestions are made for improving the sexual and reproductive health and rights of WLHIV in Malay-sia, which include establishing a reproductive health counseling program.

Factors Associated with Early Breastfeeding Initiation among Women Who Underwent Cesarean Delivery at Tertiary Hospitals in Kelantan, Malaysia

Nazirah Johar,Noraini Mohamad,Norkhafizah Saddki,Tengku Alina Tengku Ismail,Zaharah Sulaiman 대한가정의학회 2021 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.42 No.2

Background: Cesarean delivery is linked with lower rates of early breastfeeding initiation. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of early initiation of breastfeeding among women admitted for elective cesarean delivery in Kelantan, Malaysia. Methods: A total of 171 women admitted for elective cesarean delivery at two tertiary hospitals in Kelantan, Malaysia, participated in this study. On day two after cesarean delivery, face-to-face interviews were conducted with the mothers to get information on feeding practice. Descriptive statistics, including simple and multiple logistic regressions, were used for data analysis. Results: Seventy-three percent of mothers initiated breastfeeding within 1 hour of birth. Approximately 15.8% and 10.5% of mothers initiated breastfeeding within 24 hours and ≥24 hours, respectively. Skin-to-skin contact between mothers and their infants occurred in 77.8% of cases after cesarean delivery. Breastfeeding initiation was significantly associated with skin-to-skin contact (odds ratio [OR], 14.42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.58–58.06), mothers who exclusively breastfed during hospitalization (OR, 36.37; 95% CI, 5.60–236.24), and infants who were not sleepy during attempts at breastfeeding (OR, 5.17; 95% CI, 1.32–20.21). Conclusion: Based on our results, it is possible to increase the proportion of mothers initiating breastfeeding within 1 hour among women who undergo elective cesarean delivery. Therefore, it is important that health practitioners educate women beginning in the antenatal period who plan to undergo cesarean delivery by emphasizing the importance of early initiation of breastfeeding.

Malaysia Healthcare Early Response in Combatting COVID-19 Pandemic in 2020

Safiya Amaran,Ahmad Zulfahmi Mohd Kamaruzaman,Nurul Yaqeen Mohd Esa,Zaharah Sulaiman 대한가정의학회 2021 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.42 No.6

The year 2020 saw the emergence of a novel coronavirus—the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2—which has led to an unprecedented pandemic that has shaken the entire world. The pandemic has been a new ex-perience for Malaysia, especially during the implementation of large-scale public health and social measures called the Movement Control Order (MCO). This paper seeks to describe the experiences of the Malaysian healthcare sys-tem thus far in combatting the pandemic. The Malaysian healthcare system comprises two main arms: public health and medicine. The public health arm focuses on early disease detection, contact tracing, quarantines, the MCO, and risk stratification strategies in the community. The medical arm focuses on the clinical management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients; it encompasses laboratory services, the devising of clinical setting adjustments, and hospital management for COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients. Malaysia experienced intense emotions at the beginning of the pandemic, with great uncertainty regarding the pandemic’s outcome, as the world saw a frighteningly high COVID-19 mortality. As of writing (May 30, 2020), Malaysia has passed the peak of its sec-ond wave of infections. The experience thus far has helped in preparing the country’s healthcare system to be vigi-lant and more prepared for future COVID-19 waves. To date, the pandemic has changed many aspects of Malaysia’s life, and people are still learning to adapt to new norms in their lives.

Metoclopramide for Milk Production in Lactating Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nik Hazlina Nik Hussain,Norhayati Mohd. Noor,Shaiful Bahari Ismail,Nur Amirah Zainuddin,Zaharah Sulaiman 대한가정의학회 2021 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.42 No.6

Background: Breastfeeding is recognized as the optimal form of nutrition for the physical and neurological devel-opment of infants and is considered the most significant way to prevent child mortality. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of metoclopramide for enhancing milk production in lactating women.Methods: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and MEDLINE for randomized con-trolled trials comparing metoclopramide with a placebo, no treatment, or other galactagogue drugs. We included breastfeeding women with term or preterm infants.Results: We retrieved 164 records from our search of the electronic databases and 20 records from other sources. Eight trials involving 342 lactating women that used metoclopramide were included in this review after assessing the eligibility criteria. The meta-analysis of these trials revealed that metoclopramide did not increase the milk vol-ume of the intervention groups compared to that of the control groups. There was a significant increase in the se-rum concentrations of prolactin when the mothers were administered metoclopramide. No significant adverse events were reported.Conclusion: Metoclopramide did not improve milk production in lactating women. Therefore, we do not recom-mend using metoclopramide to increase milk production in lactating women.