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Step-and-repeat stamping method for the generation of large-area microscale wrinkle patterns
Zhao, Z. j.,Yang, J. h.,Park, S. h. Springer Science + Business Media 2017 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.31 No.4
<P>We proposed a step-and-repeat stamping method for fabricating large-area microscale wrinkles with a Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) mold. First, an original wrinkle pattern was created by controlling the thickness of a photocurable resin (NOA-68T), which was exposed to ultraviolet light within a short time and then fully cured at a temperature of 30 A degrees C for approximately 10 h. Microscale wrinkles could be obtained after two successive steps. PDMS was cast in a container with the fabricated wrinkle pattern and then cured at 75 A degrees C for 2 h. A PDMS mold with a wrinkle pattern was then obtained after separating the master wrinkle pattern from the cured PDMS. A Selfassembled monolayer (SAM) was coated onto the surface of the PDMS mold to realize effective wrinkle replication on PDMS. Finally, the wrinkle pattern was stamped directly onto the large-area substrate within a significantly reduced processing time. The contact angles on the wrinkled surfaces of the resin layer and the PDMS mold were 47.8 % and 36.3 % larger than those on the corresponding flat surfaces, respectively. The proposed simple and cost-effective method of generating a large wrinkled area can be applied to surface modification in various engineering applications, including cell culture, microfluidics, biomedical devices, and flexible electronics.</P>
Sawtooth-triggered limit-cycle oscillations and I-phase in the HL-2A tokamak
Zhao, K.J.,Cheng, J.,Diamond, P.H.,Dong, J.Q.,Yan, L.W.,Hong, W.Y.,Xu, M.,Tynan, G.,Miki, K.,Huang, Z.H.,Itoh, K.,Itoh, S.-I.,Fujisawa, A.,Nagashima, Y.,Inagaki, S.,Wang, Z.X.,Wei, L.,Song, X.M.,Lei, IOP Publishing 2013 Nuclear fusion. Fusion nucléaire. &n.Illiga Vol.53 No.12
Zhao, Z.,Lee, K. De Gruyter Open 2017 Archives of metallurgy and materials Vol.62 No.2
<P>The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the alloying elements on the plastic workability and corrosion behavior of Ti-X (wt.%) (X = 6 Co, 8 Cr, 4 Fe, 6 Mn, 10 Mo, and 36 Nb) binary alloys. The alloys with a molybdenum equivalence of 10 wt.% were fabricated by a vacuum arc re-melting process and were then homogenized at a temperature 20 degrees C greater than the beta transus temperature for 14.4 ks. The plastic workability was investigated under uniaxial cold rolling, while the corrosion behavior was examined in Ringer's solution at 37 degrees C. Among the Ti-X alloys, the Ti-8 wt.% Cr and Ti-6 wt.% Mn alloys showed an outstanding plastic workability and corrosion resistance, respectively.</P>
Z.-G. ZHAO,J.-L. JIANG,Z.-P. YU,T. ZHANG 한국자동차공학회 2013 International journal of automotive technology Vol.14 No.6
This paper researches the coordination of control between an engine and clutch at the system level to adequately reflect a driver’s intention and improve the starting performance of a vehicle equipped with a dry dual clutch transmission (DCT). Four-degree-of-freedom (DOF) starting dynamic equations are established for a dry DCT with a single intermediate shaft, and a two-DOF model of the sliding friction process and a single-DOF in-gear model of stable operation are obtained after simplifying these equations. Taking advantage of predictive control and a genetic algorithm, target tracing curves of the engine’s speed and the vehicle’s velocity are optimally specified online, and the starting sliding mode variable structure (SMVS) coordinating control strategy is designed to track these curves. The starting performance of a prototype car equipped with a dry DCT is simulated under different starting cases on the MATLAB/Simulink software platform. The simulation results show that the designed SMVS coordinating controller not only embodies driver intention and effectively improves the dry DCT car’s starting performance but is also highly robust when subjected to variations in the vehicle parameters.
Nonlinear behavior of deep reinforced concrete coupling beams
Zhao, Z.Z.,Kwan, A.K.H. Techno-Press 2003 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.15 No.2
Six large scale models of conventionally reinforced concrete coupling beams with span/depth ratios ranging from 1.17 to 2.00 were tested under monotonically applied shear loads to study their nonlinear behavior using a newly developed test method that maintained equal rotations at the two ends of the coupling beam specimen and allowed for local deformations at the beam-wall joints. By conducting the tests under displacement control, the post-peak behavior and complete load-deflection curves of the coupling beams were obtained for investigation. It was found that after the appearance of flexural and shear cracks, a deep coupling beam would gradually transform itself from an ordinary beam to a truss composed of diagonal concrete struts and longitudinal and transverse steel reinforcement bars. Moreover, in a deep coupling beam, the local deformations at the beam-wall joints could contribute significantly (up to the order of 50%) to the total deflection of the coupling beam, especially at the post-peak stage. Finally, although a coupling beam failing in shear would have a relatively low ductility ratio of only 5 or even lower, a coupling beam failing in flexure could have a relatively high ductility ratio of 10 or higher.
Zhao, X.G.,Wang, M.,Tan, Z.L.,Tang, S.X.,Sun, Z.H.,Zhou, C.S.,Han, X.F. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2009 Animal Bioscience Vol.22 No.9
Effects of particle size and physical effective fibre (peNDF) of rice straw in diets on chewing activities, feed intake, flow, site and extent of digestion and rumen fermentation in goats were investigated. A 4${\times}$4 Latin square design was employed using 4 mature Liuyang black goats fitted with permanent ruminal, duodenal, and terminal ileal fistulae. During each of the 4 periods, goats were offered 1 of 4 diets that were similar in nutritional content but varied in particle sizes and peNDF through alteration of the theoretical cut length of rice straw (10, 20, 40, and 80 mm, respectively). Dietary peNDF contents were determined using a sieve for particle separation above 8 mm, and were 17.4, 20.9, 22.5 and 25.4%, respectively. Results showed that increasing the particle size and peNDF significantly (p<0.05) increased the time spent on rumination and chewing activities, duodenal starch digestibility and ruminal pH, and decreased ruminal starch digestibility and $NH_{3}$-N concentration. Intake and total tract digestibility of nutrients (i.e. dry matter, organic matter, and starch) and ruminal fermentation were not affected by the dietary particle size and peNDF. Increased particle size and peNDF did not affect ruminal fibre digestibility, but had a great impact on the intestinal and total tract fibre digestibility. The study suggested that rice straw particle size or dietary peNDF was the important influential factor for chewing activity, intestinal fibre and starch digestibility, and ruminal pH, but had minimal impact on feed intake, duodenal and ileal flow, ruminal and total tract digestibility, and ruminal fermentation.